Single-Objective Optimization of a CMOS VCO Considering PVT and Monte Carlo Simulations

Castañeda-Aviña, Perla Rubi; Tlelo‐Cuautle, Esteban; Fraga, Luis Gerardo de la

doi:10.3390/mca25040076

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is worth noticing here that the investigation of the Process-Voltage-Temperature corners, the Montecarlo analysis, and the Post-Layout-Simulations are necessary steps for the robust design of oscillators [55][56][57] and Frequency Dividers [58,59]. Nevertheless, in the absence of cryogenic DKs, these investigations can be carried out only at room temperature.…”

Section: Design Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the VCO/Frequency Divider Interface in Cryogenic CMOS PLL for Quantum Computing Applications

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The availability of quantum microprocessors is mandatory, to efficiently run those quantum algorithms promising a radical leap forward in computation capability. Silicon-based nanostructured qubits appear today as a very interesting approach, because of their higher information density, longer coherence times, fast operation gates, and compatibility with the actual CMOS technology. In particular, thanks to their phase noise properties, the actual CMOS RFIC Phase-Locked Loops (PLL) and Phase-Locked Oscillators (PLO) are interesting circuits to synthesize control signals for spintronic qubits. In a quantum microprocessor, these circuits should operate close to the qubits, that is, at cryogenic temperatures. The lack of commercial cryogenic Design Kits (DK) may make the interface between the Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) and the Frequency Divider (FD) a serious issue. Nevertheless, currently this issue has not been systematically addressed in the literature. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the VCO/FD interface when the temperature drops from room to cryogenic. To this purpose, physical models of electronics passive/active devices and equivalent circuits of VCO and the FD were developed at room and cryogenic temperatures. The modeling activity has led to design guidelines for the VCO/FD interface, useful in the absence of cryogenic DKs.

show abstract

Section: Design Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the VCO/Frequency Divider Interface in Cryogenic CMOS PLL for Quantum Computing Applications

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the machine-learning-based approaches require multi-disciplinary knowledge (model selection, hyperparameter tuning, circuit design, and so on), and additional time and effort for training the neural network. [8], [9] apply optimization techniques to design RVCO schematics with a fixed number of stages. [10] utilizes digital place-androute (PNR) techniques to produce various analog circuits including RVCO, assuming that the circuit sizing parameters are predetermined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Automated Design Methodology for Ring Voltage-Controlled Oscillators in Nanometer CMOS Technologies

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a design automation methodology for ring voltage-controlled oscillators (RVCOs) with their realistic and physical characteristics captured. With multiple sets of input constraints such as target frequency, phase noise, and control voltage range, the proposed algorithm automatically finds the design candidates that satisfy the target constraints, by running iterative post-layout simulations with auto-generated layouts and testbenches. The number of post-layout simulations is significantly reduced by the backtracking algorithm that observes the simulation results and determines the search direction. The proposed algorithm is applied to generate RVCOs in 40-nm planar and 7-nm FinFET technologies for DDR5 applications, and it turns out the proposed methodology produces sets of design parameters that meet the target specification in multiple technologies.

show abstract

“…In the fact, there are sensitive levels that should be considered when customizing inductors, such as measuring test inductors for verification, and an optimal pick out of an electromagnetic (EM)-simulation software. The main applications of integrated inductors include voltage controlled oscillators (VCO) [2], [3], low noise amplifiers (LNA) [4], and direct current (DC) voltage controllers [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio-frequency circular integrated inductors sizing optimization using bio-inspired techniques

Hajjami

Benhala

2022

IJECE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

<span lang="EN-US">In this article, a comparative study is accomplished between three of the most used swarm intelligence (SI) techniques; namely artificial bee colony (ABC), ant colony optimization (ACO), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to carry out the optimal design of radio-frequency (</span><span lang="EN-US">RF) spiral inductors, the three algorithms are applied to the cost function of RF circular inductors for 180 nm beyond 2.50 GHz, the aim is to ensure optimal performance with less error in inductance, and a high-quality factor when compared to electromagnetic simulation. Simulation experiments are achieved and performances regarding convergence velocity, robustness, and computing time are checked. Also, this paper shows an impact study of technological parameters and geometric features on the inductance and the quality factor of the studied integrated inductor. The building method of constraints design with algorithms used has given good results and electromagnetic simulations are of good accuracy with an error of 2.31% and 4.15% on the quality factor and inductance respectively. The simulation shows that ACO provides more accuracy in circuit size and fewer errors than ABC and PSO, while PSO and ABC are better in terms of convergence velocity.</span>

show abstract

Single-Objective Optimization of a CMOS VCO Considering PVT and Monte Carlo Simulations

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

On the VCO/Frequency Divider Interface in Cryogenic CMOS PLL for Quantum Computing Applications

On the VCO/Frequency Divider Interface in Cryogenic CMOS PLL for Quantum Computing Applications

An Automated Design Methodology for Ring Voltage-Controlled Oscillators in Nanometer CMOS Technologies

Radio-frequency circular integrated inductors sizing optimization using bio-inspired techniques

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About