Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Promoter of the Gene Encoding the Lipopolysaccharide Receptor CD14 Are Associated With Bacterial Diarrhea in US and Canadian Travelers to Mexico

Mohamed, Jamal A.; DuPont, Herbert L.; Flores, Jose; Palur, Himaja; Nair, Parvathy; Jiang, Zhi; Guo, Dongchuan; Belkind‐Gerson, Jaime; Okhuysen, Pablo C.

doi:10.1093/cid/cir228

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Genetic susceptibilities associated with EAEC diarrhea were identified in North American travelers to Mexico. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the IL-8 gene promoter and the promotor regions of the genes encoding lactoferrin, CD14 and osteoprotegerin as well were recognized as indicators for symptomatic EAEC infection 216, 217, 218, 219…”

Section: Enteroaggregative E Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli

Gomes

Elias

Scaletsky

et al. 2016

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

418

353

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Most Escherichia coli strains live harmlessly in the intestines and rarely cause disease in healthy individuals. Nonetheless, a number of pathogenic strains can cause diarrhea or extraintestinal diseases both in healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Diarrheal illnesses are a severe public health problem and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children, especially in developing countries. E. coli strains that cause diarrhea have evolved by acquiring, through horizontal gene transfer, a particular set of characteristics that have successfully persisted in the host. According to the group of virulence determinants acquired, specific combinations were formed determining the currently known E. coli pathotypes, which are collectively known as diarrheagenic E. coli. In this review, we have gathered information on current definitions, serotypes, lineages, virulence mechanisms, epidemiology, and diagnosis of the major diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes.

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Section: Enteroaggregative E Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli

Gomes

Elias

Scaletsky

et al. 2016

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

418

353

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An American study investigated different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of the CD14 gene as predictors of the development of traveler's diarrhea due to EAEC (111). The CD14 gene encodes a crucial step in the inflammatory response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulation by the innate immune system.…”

Section: Host Factors Are Determinants Of Eaec Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli

et al. 2014

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SUMMARY Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) represents a heterogeneous group of E. coli strains. The pathogenicity and clinical relevance of these bacteria are still controversial. In this review, we describe the clinical significance of EAEC regarding patterns of infection in humans, transmission, reservoirs, and symptoms. Manifestations associated with EAEC infection include watery diarrhea, mucoid diarrhea, low-grade fever, nausea, tenesmus, and borborygmi. In early studies, EAEC was considered to be an opportunistic pathogen associated with diarrhea in HIV patients and in malnourished children in developing countries. In recent studies, associations with traveler's diarrhea, the occurrence of diarrhea cases in industrialized countries, and outbreaks of diarrhea in Europe and Asia have been reported. In the spring of 2011, a large outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and hemorrhagic colitis occurred in Germany due to an EAEC O104:H4 strain, causing 54 deaths and 855 cases of HUS. This strain produces the potent Shiga toxin along with the aggregative fimbriae. An outbreak of urinary tract infection associated with EAEC in Copenhagen, Denmark, occurred in 1991; this involved extensive production of biofilm, an important characteristic of the pathogenicity of EAEC. However, the heterogeneity of EAEC continues to complicate diagnostics and also our understanding of pathogenicity.

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“…Some of the immune system responses to enteric pathogens may be strongly influenced by the host's genetic background. 72,73 One interesting gene is the apolipoprotein E4 gene (APOE4), a gene related to cholesterol transport and metabolism and increasingly recognized to have important immune-inflammatory roles. 74 Children from a Brazilian shantytown bearing APOE4 and raised in areas where diarrhea and enteric infections are endemic have been found to have improved cognitive development when compared with non-APOE4 neighbors 75,76 ; however, this was observed only in children who experienced heavy diarrhea burdens.…”

Section: Environmental Enteropathy and Genetic Predispositionmentioning

confidence: 99%