Single nucleotide polymorphisms in piRNA-pathway genes: an insight into genetic determinants of human diseases

Roy, Jyoti; Anand, Kalyani; Mohapatra, Swati; Nayak, Rojalin; Chattopadhyay, Trisha; Mallick, Bibekanand

doi:10.1007/s00438-019-01612-5

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…SNPs increase the susceptibility to cancer mainly through two routes. On the one hand, SNPs in piRNA biogenesis pathway-related genes may alter the process of piRNA production, affect piRNA maturation and expression [ 93 , 94 ]. Genes that have an important influence on the process of piRNA production are called piRNA biogenesis pathway-related genes.…”

Section: Pirnas Related To Cancer Hallmarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biogenesis and biological function of PIWI-interacting RNA in cancer

et al. 2021

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Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are vital regulators of biological activities, and aberrant levels of small ncRNAs are commonly found in precancerous lesions and cancer. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel type of small ncRNA initially discovered in germ cells that have a specific length (24–31 nucleotides), bind to PIWI proteins, and show 2′-O-methyl modification at the 3′-end. Numerous studies have revealed that piRNAs can play important roles in tumorigenesis via multiple biological regulatory mechanisms, including silencing transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene processes and accelerating multiprotein interactions. piRNAs are emerging players in the malignant transformation of normal cells and participate in the regulation of cancer hallmarks. Most of the specific cancer hallmarks regulated by piRNAs are involved in sustaining proliferative signaling, resistance to cell death or apoptosis, and activation of invasion and metastasis. Additionally, piRNAs have been used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis and have great potential for clinical utility. However, research on the underlying mechanisms of piRNAs in cancer is limited. Here, we systematically reviewed recent advances in the biogenesis and biological functions of piRNAs and relevant bioinformatics databases with the aim of providing insights into cancer diagnosis and clinical applications. We also focused on some cancer hallmarks rarely reported to be related to piRNAs, which can promote in-depth research of piRNAs in molecular biology and facilitate their clinical translation into cancer treatment.

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Section: Pirnas Related To Cancer Hallmarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biogenesis and biological function of PIWI-interacting RNA in cancer

et al. 2021

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“…This is done through interaction with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), which can methylate promoter regions, suppressing transcription (165). I n d i s e a s e , a l t e r a t i o n s i n p i R N A h a v e b e e n overwhelmingly linked to cancer (165), although there are also some reported cellular alterations in AD (166) as well SNPs in piRNA-associated pathway genes (167). In order to improve accuracy of the extracellular miRNA signature in AD, piRNA have been used.…”

Section: Mir-9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular RNA in Alzheimer’s disease

Hicks¹

2021

ExRNA

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RNA was once thought to have an exclusively intracellular localisation, yet recent discoveries have upended this dogma (1). Various populations of RNA have been discovered in the extracellular milieu, collectively termed exRNA. These RNA subtypes include both protein-coding RNA (mRNA), alongside a multitude of non-coding RNAs, namely microRNAs (miRNA), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), transfer RNA (tRNAs), ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and piwiinteracting RNAs (piRNAs) (2). However, the presence of ribonucleases renders the extracellular environment unfavourable for RNA (3). As such, protection against degradation is afforded in two main ways. Firstly, RNA can be bound in ribonucleoprotein complexes, such as that of Argonaute2 and miRNAs (4). Less frequently RNA can be found as part of lipoprotein complexes (5). Secondly, RNAs can be transported by extracellular vesicles (EVs) (6-8). EVsComprehensive overviews of EV biogenesis and release have been recently published (9-11). However, in brief, EV is an umbrella term encompassing a heterogeneous assortment of vesicular species released from cells (Figure 1). These can be broadly categorised into exosomes and microvesicles (MVs) (10), although some investigators prefer ectosome as an alternative nomenclature for the latter (9,12). The term exosome was originally used to

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“…(5). Among the sncRNAs, microRNA (miRNA) and PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) are widely studied in the reproductive system, which are important regulatory factors of gene expression in many cell pathways (6)(7)(8). LncRNAs also play important roles in cell differentiation, organogenesis, cellular homeostasis etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gene regulatory role of non-coding RNAs in non-obstructive azoospermia

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Non-coding RNAs are classified as small non-coding RNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, which are involved in a variety of biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and pathological conditions of various diseases. Many studies have shown that non-coding RNAs are related to spermatogenesis, maturation, apoptosis, function, etc. In addition, the expression of non-coding RNAs in testicular tissue and semen of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia was different. However, the role of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of non-obstructive azoospermia has not been fully elucidated, and the role of non-coding RNAs in non-obstructive azoospermia is rarely reviewed. Here we summarize the research progress of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of non-obstructive azoospermia.

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Single nucleotide polymorphisms in piRNA-pathway genes: an insight into genetic determinants of human diseases

Cited by 16 publications

References 85 publications

The biogenesis and biological function of PIWI-interacting RNA in cancer

The biogenesis and biological function of PIWI-interacting RNA in cancer

Extracellular RNA in Alzheimer’s disease

The gene regulatory role of non-coding RNAs in non-obstructive azoospermia

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