Single nucleotide polymorphisms and chromosomal copy number variation may impact the Sporothrix brasiliensis antifungal susceptibility and sporotrichosis clinical outcomes

Genotyping and antifungal susceptibility testing of Sporothrix brasiliensis isolates from Southern Brazil

“…Since itraconazole is frequently administered to treat sporotrichosis, the resistance in this human isolate might be therapy‐induced. In addition to itraconazole, this isolate was also resistant to posaconazole as these two antifungals are chemically highly similar 26,60,61 . Despite the absence of resistant isolates against voriconazole and isavuconazole, these drugs exhibited a four to eightfold higher MIC 50 and MIC 90 when compared to itraconazole.…”

“…Recent data suggest higher MICs to antifungals for S. brasiliensis as compared to other Sporothrix spp., in particular against amphotericin B and azoles 18,26,44–46 . These findings have not been confirmed in animal models or in human patients 16,47–51 .…”

“…Other authors suggested a role for melanin, which can protect fungi against antifungal drugs and immune responses 23,24 . Moreover, mutations in specific genes are involved in antifungal resistance, as occurring in the cytochrome P450 family, the target of azoles, or in transporter families or membrane compounds 25,26 …”

“…23,24 Moreover, mutations in specific genes are involved in antifungal resistance, as occurring in the cytochrome P450 family, the target of azoles, or in transporter families or membrane compounds. 25,26 Therefore, in this study, S. brasiliensis strains obtained from human and cat hosts in Curitiba, Brazil, were analysed to better understand their phylogenetic relatedness. In addition, in vitro antifungal susceptibility profiles were evaluated and potential resistance mechanisms were investigated by WGS data.…”

IMA Genome – F19

“…In South America, the epidemic is being driven by feline-to-human transmission (De Lima Barros et al 2004 ; Rabello et al 2022 ), while in Asia, sapronotic transmission of the pathogens persists (Moussa et al 2017 ; Yao et al 2020 ). The increased incidence of zoonotic transmission as well as the development of antifungal resistance is of concern, and this may contribute to more serious outbreaks in endemic areas in the future (Flórez-Muñoz et al 2019 ; Rodrigues et al 2020 ; Waller et al 2021 ; Teixeira et al 2022 ; Bombassaro et al 2023 ).…”