Single-mode transmission selective integrated-optical polarisers in LiNbO3

Findakly, T.; Chen, B.

doi:10.1049/el:19840086

Cited by 31 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The attractive advantages of PE are its technological simplicity, high process intensity, and the ability to manufacture some unique integrated optical elements (IOE) such as chirped grating lenses [36], planar TIPE lenses [37 to 421, planar double proton exchanged lenses (DPE [43]), polarisers [44,45], elements for second harmonic generation [34,46 to 501, ring resonators [51 to 521, and also devices with modulators [53 to 551, deflectors [56], interferometers [57 to 621, spectrum analysers [40], and others. PE in LiNbO, can be also used for manufacturing acoustic channel guides [63].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Exchange in Lithium Niobate and Lithium Tantalate Single Crystals: Regularities and Specific Features

Ganshin

Korkishko

1990

phys. stat. sol. (a)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Exchange in Lithium Niobate and Lithium Tantalate Single Crystals: Regularities and Specific Features

Ganshin

Korkishko

1990

phys. stat. sol. (a)

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“…Recently, the annealing of the PE waveguides has shown that the refractive-index profile of the optical waveguide can be changed from a nearly step-index profile to a graded-index profile, the modification being dependent upon the annealing time, temperature and atmosphere in which the process is carried out [6,9]. Various passive devices (high efficiency beam deflectors [10], second harmonic generators [11], chirped grating lenses [12], planar lenses [13], polarisers [14,15]) and active devices (optical frequency translators [16], Mach-Zehnder interferometers [17], acousto-optic deflectors [18,19]) have been demonstrated on different cuts of LiNbO 3 using the above techniques. Another advantage of proton-exchange waveguides in LiNbO 3 is that they have been found to be more resistant than titanium diffused waveguides to optical damage [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of proton-exchange slab optical waveguides in x-cut LiNbO3

Wong

Nutt

Clark

et al. 1986

IEE Proc. J Optoelectron. UK

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The paper reports on a systematic study of planar optical waveguides in X-cut LiNbO 3 fabricated by the proton-exchange technique. The extent of the exchange process was monitored by measuring the infrared absorption peak at 3510 cm" 1 . It was established that the waveguide profile could be accurately modelled by a step index change with An = 0.127 at X o -632.8 nm and An = 0.096 at X o = 1150 nm. From the mode effective refractive index measurements, the effective diffusion coefficients for the exchange process were calculated. A value for the activation energy for the proton-exchange process was established. The effect of off-Y-axis propagation on the mode effective indices of the waveguide was studied. A waveguide mode cutoff at 29° from the C-axis was established. The lowest optical losses measured in single-mode planar waveguides were 1.4 dB/cm at X o = 632.8 nm and 1.3 dB/cm at X o = 1150 nm for light propagating normal to the C-axis.

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Refractive Index and Concentration Profiles of Proton-Exchanged LiNbO3 Waveguides

Richter

Bremer

Hertel

et al. 1989

Phys. Stat. Sol. (a)

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The extraordinary refractive index profile of proton‐exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides as well as the proton and lithium distributions are investigated. The exchange is effected by pure benzoic acid and with lithium benzoate as an additive, on pure and magnesium doped LiNbO3 substrates. The refractive index profiles are reconstructed from measured effective indices by a very reliable improved inverse WKB procedure. Marked deviations from step‐function‐type profiles are found. The same holds for the lithium distribution which has been determined by SIMS. To check the reconstruction procedure, the waveguiding layer is gradually polished off, and the modes of the remaining guide are measured and fitted. Simultaneously, the infrared absorption by OH‐ stretching vibrations is recorded. Its cross section is determined to be (4 ± 2) × 10−19 cm2. The effect of adding lithium benzoate, of doping with magnesium as well as annealing, on the stability of the refractive index profile is discussed.

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Single-mode transmission selective integrated-optical polarisers in LiNbO3

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

Proton Exchange in Lithium Niobate and Lithium Tantalate Single Crystals: Regularities and Specific Features

Proton Exchange in Lithium Niobate and Lithium Tantalate Single Crystals: Regularities and Specific Features

Characterisation of proton-exchange slab optical waveguides in x-cut LiNbO3

Refractive Index and Concentration Profiles of Proton-Exchanged LiNbO3 Waveguides

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