“…Despite these difficulties, much effort has been devoted to understanding the properties of t-Jtype models on the square lattice. Although some controversial results have been obtained, various studies including exact diagonalization [2,3], series expansion [4], and Monte Carlo simulations [5,6] enable us to understand the hole-dynamics quantitatively, at least to some extent. In particular, these studies all obtained minima of the single-hole dispersion relation at lattice momenta (± π 2a , ± π 2a ) in the Brillouin zone of the square lattice which is in agreement with experimental results [7,8,9].…”