Single High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation as an Approach for Reducing Ultramarathon-Induced Inflammation: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Mieszkowski, Jan; Borkowska, Andzelika; Stankiewicz, Błażej; Kochanowicz, Andrzej; Niespodziński, Bartłomiej; Surmiak, Marcin; Waldziński, Tomasz; Rola, Rafał; Petr, Michal; Antosiewicz, Jędrzej

doi:10.3390/nu13041280

Cited by 12 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…High intensity exercises lead to transient muscle fibre damage, performance deterioration, increased inflammation processes [1] and oxidative stress induced by the generation of free radicals [2]. All those factors are associated with muscle injury, and occur during normal competition, especially when the duration or intensity of sport competition is very high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

cfDNA Changes in Maximal Exercises as a Sport Adaptation Predictor

Humińska-Lisowska

Mieszkowski

Kochanowicz

et al. 2021

Genes

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Changes of circulating free plasma DNA (cfDNA) are associated with different types of tissue injury, including those induced by intensive aerobic and anaerobic exercises. Observed changes are dependent from induced inflammation, and thus it may be a potential marker for athletic overtraining. We aimed to identify the response of cfDNA to different types of exercise, with association to exercise intensity as a potential marker of exercise load. Fifty volunteers (25 athletes and 25 physically active men) were assigned to the study and performed maximal aerobic (Bruce test) and anaerobic (Wingate Anaerobic Test) test. Blood samples for cfDNA analysis were collected at four time-points: before, 2–5 min after, 30 min after and 60 min after each type of maximal physical activity. The two-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of group factor on serum cfDNA concentrations (32.15% higher concentration of cfDNA in the athletes). In turn the results of the post hoc test for the interaction of the repeated measures factor and the group showed that while the concentration of cfDNA decreased by 40.10% in the period from 30 min to 60 min after exercise in the control group, the concentration of cfDNA in the group of athletes remained at a similar level. Our analysis presents different responses depending on the intensity and duration of exercise. Our observations imply that formation of cfDNA is associated with response to physical activity but only during maximal effort.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

cfDNA Changes in Maximal Exercises as a Sport Adaptation Predictor

Humińska-Lisowska

Mieszkowski

Kochanowicz

et al. 2021

Genes

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“…The following procedures were adapted from our previous study [ 53 ]. Blood (9 mL) was collected five times: immediately before, immediately after, 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h after every test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Adipose Tissue Content for Changes in Serum Levels of Exercise-Induced Adipokines: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Humińska-Lisowska

Mieszkowski

Kochanowicz

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Human adipocytes release multiple adipokines into the bloodstream during physical activity. This affects many organs and might contribute to the induction of inflammation. In this study, we aimed to assess changes in circulating adipokine levels induced by intense aerobic and anaerobic exercise in individuals with different adipose tissue content. In the quasi-experimental study, 48 male volunteers (aged 21.78 ± 1.98 years) were assigned to groups depending on their body fat content (BF): LBF, low body fat (<8% BF, n = 16); MBF, moderate body fat (8–14% BF, n = 19); and HBF, high body fat (>14% BF, n = 13). The volunteers performed maximal aerobic effort (MAE) and maximal anaerobic effort (MAnE) exercises. Blood samples were collected at five timepoints: before exercise, immediately after, 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h after each exercise. The selected cytokines were analyzed: adiponectin, follistatin-like 1, interleukin 6, leptin, oncostatin M, and resistin. While the participants’ MAnE and MAE performance were similar regardless of BF, the cytokine response of the HBF group was different from that of the others. Six hours after exercise, leptin levels in the HBF group increased by 35%. Further, immediately after MAnE, resistin levels in the HBF group also increased, by approximately 55%. The effect of different BF was not apparent for other cytokines. We conclude that the adipokine exercise response is associated with the amount of adipose tissue and is related to exercise type.

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“…Recently, we have demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation reduces ultramarathon-induced inflammation [ 14 ]. The anti-inflammatory activity of vitamin D is well recognized, as its active form has been shown to repress the expression of proinflammatory cytokines [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Ultramarathon-Induced Changes in Kynurenine Metabolism

et al. 2022

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In humans, most free tryptophan is degraded via kynurenine pathways into kynurenines. Kynurenines modulate the immune system, central nervous system, and skeletal muscle bioenergetics. Consequently, kynurenine pathway metabolites (KPMs) have been studied in the context of exercise. However, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on exercise-induced changes in KPMs has not been investigated. Here, we analyzed the effect of a single high-dose vitamin D supplementation on KPMs and tryptophan levels in runners after an ultramarathon. In the study, 35 amateur runners were assigned into two groups: vitamin D supplementation group, administered 150,000 IU vitamin D in vegetable oil 24 h before the run (n = 16); and control (placebo) group (n = 19). Blood was collected for analysis 24 h before, immediately after, and 24 h after the run. Kynurenic, xanthurenic, , quinolinic, and picolinic acids levels were significantly increased after the run in the control group, but the effect was blunted by vitamin D supplementation. Conversely, the decrease in serum tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine levels immediately after the run was more pronounced in the supplemented group than in the control. The 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenine levels were significantly increased in both groups after the run. We conclude that vitamin D supplementation affects ultramarathon-induced changes in tryptophan metabolism.

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Single High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation as an Approach for Reducing Ultramarathon-Induced Inflammation: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

cfDNA Changes in Maximal Exercises as a Sport Adaptation Predictor

cfDNA Changes in Maximal Exercises as a Sport Adaptation Predictor

Implications of Adipose Tissue Content for Changes in Serum Levels of Exercise-Induced Adipokines: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Direct Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Ultramarathon-Induced Changes in Kynurenine Metabolism

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