Implications of Adipose Tissue Content for Changes in Serum Levels of Exercise-Induced Adipokines: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Abstract

Human adipocytes release multiple adipokines into the bloodstream during physical activity. This affects many organs and might contribute to the induction of inflammation. In this study, we aimed to assess changes in circulating adipokine levels induced by intense aerobic and anaerobic exercise in individuals with different adipose tissue content. In the quasi-experimental study, 48 male volunteers (aged 21.78 ± 1.98 years) were assigned to groups depending on their body fat content (BF): LBF, low body fat (<8% BF, n = 16); MBF, moderate body fat (8–14% BF, n = 19); and HBF, high body fat (>14% BF, n = 13). The volunteers performed maximal aerobic effort (MAE) and maximal anaerobic effort (MAnE) exercises. Blood samples were collected at five timepoints: before exercise, immediately after, 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h after each exercise. The selected cytokines were analyzed: adiponectin, follistatin-like 1, interleukin 6, leptin, oncostatin M, and resistin. While the participants’ MAnE and MAE performance were similar regardless of BF, the cytokine response of the HBF group was different from that of the others. Six hours after exercise, leptin levels in the HBF group increased by 35%. Further, immediately after MAnE, resistin levels in the HBF group also increased, by approximately 55%. The effect of different BF was not apparent for other cytokines. We conclude that the adipokine exercise response is associated with the amount of adipose tissue and is related to exercise type.

Microbiome features associated with performance measures in athletic and non-athletic individuals: A case-control study

“…Specifically, they performed 10 test stages with an incremental rise in running difficulty, starting with a 10% incline and running at 2.7 km/h (level 1) and ending with a 28% incline and running at 12.07 km/h (level 10). The test was stopped when the subject could not continue owing to fatigue or other conditions [ 26 , 27 ]. During the test, participants wore face masks connected to a pulmonary gas exchange analyzer (Quark CPET, Cosmed, Italy) and maximal oxygen uptake was measured.…”

The Role of Adipokines in Health and Disease

“…In this vein, another study showed an important reduction in resistin levels after 12 weeks of resistance training (10.8%) and combined training (7.8%) in comparison with aerobic training and stretching control conditions in which this reduction was less [315]. However, data on resistin levels in healthy individuals in relation to exercise are scarce [316].…”

Aging and Adiposity—Focus on Biological Females at Midlife and Beyond

“…Conversely, during periods of low energy supply/increased energy expenditure, the WAT cells serve to sustain bodily functions through the release of fatty acids via lipolysis. In an experimental study, individuals with high body fat demonstrated a more pronounced increase in the levels of two adipokines, leptin and resistin, in response to intense exercise compared with those with lesser body fat, suggesting that the adipokine response to exercise is influenced by the AT [ 13 ]. In contrast to the white adipocytes of the WAT, the brown adipocytes of the BAT contain smaller lipid droplets and numerous mitochondria, giving BAT its brown color.…”