Single-Frequency Kinematic Performance Comparison between Galileo, GPS, and GLONASS Satellite Positioning Systems Using an MMS-Generated Trajectory as a Reference: Preliminary Results

Abstract

The initial Galileo satellite positioning services, started on December 15, 2016, became available with a formal announcement by the European Commission. This first step toward the Galileo system Full Operational Capability (FOC) has allowed many researchers to test the new system. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the results and the conclusions of a kinematic test involving a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) multi-constellation receiver able to acquire the Galileo Open Service (OS) signal. The produced outputs were compared to a reference trajectory obtained from a Mobile Mapping System (MMS) implementing integrated high-performance GPS/INS measurements. By exploiting the CUI (command user interface) of the open source library RTKLIB, a reduced operative status was simulated for GPS and GLONASS. Specifically, all the possible operative combinations were tested and, when possible, statistically assessed. This was necessary to offer a fair comparison among the tested constellations. The results, referred to the reference trajectory, show that the new European system is characterized by a better planimetric performance with respect to the other systems, whereas, from an altimetric point of view, the GPS and GLONASS systems perform better.

Geodetic Kinematic Terrestrial Navigation Using a MMS – Multi-Constellation and Multi-Frequency Galileo/GPS/Glonass Performance Comparisons

“…This article presents some results of the terrestrial campaigns performed starting from 2019 using the GeoSNav Lab MMS (Mobile Mapping System), a Septentrio ® AsterX-U geodetic GNSS multi-constellation/multi-frequency receiver and a multiconstellation/double frequencies smartphone with the principal aim of evaluating the Galileo performances. These performances were evaluated comparing the Galileo PVT (Positioning, Velocity, Time) parameters (Leick et al, 2003;Subirana et al, 2013;Hofmann-Wellenhof et al, 2015; obtained using GPS, GLONASS, GPS+GLONASS, GPS+Galileo and GPS+GLONASS+Galileo, both in urban and extra-urban areas (Bastos et al, 2022;Tarantino et al, 2018). The processed rover trajectories and the produced outputs were compared with integrated high-performance trajectory obtained from GNSS/INS (INertial System), giving a "reference", stable and highly accured trajectory.…”

Kinematic Galileo and GPS Performances in Aerial, Terrestrial, and Maritime Environments

“…The Galileo OS is freely available for mass-market applications of synchronization and positioning. It does not require any authorization and can be used by anyone equipped with an adequate receiver [6]. Kinematic applications represent one of the main domains that can benefit from the advantages of the Galileo OS.…”

“…For the terrestrial domain, the results of a single-frequency kinematic performance comparison among the Galileo, GPS, and GLONASS systems using an MMS (Mobile Mapping System) generated a trajectory as reference, presented in [6]. It is stated that the Galileo system is characterized by a better planimetric performance with respect to the other systems, referred to by the reference trajectory [6]. The results of a vehicular test conducted in urban and suburban areas, with real-time computed kinematic GPS/Galileo PPP solutions, are presented in [22].…”

Análise do GNSS PPP multi-constelações com uso dos sistemas GPS, GLONASS e Galileo

“…Diante disso, a literatura científica internacional apresenta alguns estudos sobre a interoperabilidade dos sistemas GNSS com dados simulados, como os trabalhos de Ji et al (2010), Odijk e Teunissen (2013) e, dados reais de Li et al (2015), Pan et al (2016) e Tarantino et al (2018). Porém, no Brasil têm-se poucos estudos relacionados, como o de Setti Júnior, Alves e Gouveia (2016) que compararam a contribuição do Galileo integrado ao GPS no posicionamento por ponto simples.…”