Single-crystal growth of metallic nanowires with preferred orientation

Pan, Hui; Sun, Han; Poh, Chee Kok; Feng, Yuanping; Lin, Jianyi

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/16/9/025

Cited by 91 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Moreover, researchers have experimentally found that FCC metal NWs prefer to grow along the <110>, and not <100> axial direction, as previously reported for Au 25 , Ni 26 , Ag 27,28 , Cu 29 and Pd NWs 30 . Finally, most experimental studies of NW mechanical properties have been performed on non-<100> orientated NWs 18,[31][32][33][34] .…”

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confidence: 61%

Beat phenomena in metal nanowires, and their implications for resonance-based elastic property measurements

Zhan¹,

Gu²,

Park³

2012

Nanoscale

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Abstract. The elastic properties of 1D nanostructures such as nanowires are often measured experimentally through actuation of the nanowire at its resonance frequency, and then relating the resonance frequency to the elastic stiffness using elementary beam theory. In the present work, we utilize large scale molecular dynamics simulations to report a novel beat phenomenon in [110] oriented Ag nanowires. The beat phenomenon is found to arise from the asymmetry of the lattice spacing in the orthogonal elementary directions of the [110] nanowire, i.e. the [110] and [001] directions, which results in two different principal moments of inertia. Because of this, actuations imposed along any other direction are found to decompose into two orthogonal vibrational components based on the actuation angle relative to these two elementary directions, with this phenomenon being generalizable to <110> FCC nanowires of different materials (Cu, Au, Ni, Pd and Pt). The beat phenomenon is explained using a discrete moment of inertia model based on the hard sphere assumption, the model is utilized to show that surface effects enhance the beat phenomenon, while the effect is reduced with increasing nanowires cross-sectional size or aspect ratio. Most importantly, due to the existence of the beat phenomena, we demonstrate that in resonance experiments only a single frequency component is expected to be observed, particularly when the damping ratio is relatively large or very small. Furthermore, for a large range of actuation angles, the lower frequency is more likely to be detected than the higher one, which implies that experimental predictions of Young's modulus obtained from resonance may in fact be under predictions. The present study therefore has significant implications for experimental interpretations of Young's modulus as obtained via resonance testing.

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confidence: 61%

Beat phenomena in metal nanowires, and their implications for resonance-based elastic property measurements

Zhan¹,

Gu²,

Park³

2012

Nanoscale

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“…The mechanisms for the effect of applied potential and pH value on the grain size, texture and magnetic properties of Ni nanowire arrays have been discussed. Electrodepositing elements into anodic alumina oxide (AAO) templates provides a simple technique to obtain the highly ordered nanowire arrays [1][2][3]. The low-cost AAO films are thermally stable at high temperature and the pore channels they contain are of uniform size, parallel to each other and perpendicular to the film surface.…”

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confidence: 99%

Growth and magnetic properties of single crystalline Ni nanowire arrays prepared by pulse DC electrodeposition

Zhang

Jin

Wang

et al. 2011

Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.

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Highly textured Ni nanowire arrays were fabricated into anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates by pulse DC electrodeposition. The applied voltage and pH value of electrolytes were found strongly affecting the microstructure and magnetic properties of Ni nanowire arrays. Low applied potential and pH value both prefer to form polycrystalline fcc Ni nanowires. Increasing the applied potential or pH value favors the Ni [220] texture and even eventually forms the [220] oriented single crystal Ni wires, while exorbitant potential and pH value will conversely weaken the texture of nanowires. The magnetic properties of Ni wires are closely related to the microstructure of Ni nanowire arrays and large coercivities more than 1000 Oe were achieved at single crystalline Ni nanowire arrays. The mechanisms for the effect of applied potential and pH value on the grain size, texture and magnetic properties of Ni nanowire arrays have been discussed. nanowire arrays, applied potential, pH value, microstructure, magnetic properties, electrodeposition PACS: 07.55.-w, 07.55.Jg, 07.50.-eElectrodepositing elements into anodic alumina oxide (AAO) templates provides a simple technique to obtain the highly ordered nanowire arrays [1-3]. The low-cost AAO films are thermally stable at high temperature and the pore channels they contain are of uniform size, parallel to each other and perpendicular to the film surface. Furthermore, it is also comparatively easy to control the wire dimensions and the areal density of pores by adjusting the anodizing parameters (e.g. voltage, electrolytes and temperature) [1,2]. These features have attracted considerable interests in recent years due to the potential applications in ultra-highdensity magnetic recording, catalysts, nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices [4,5]. However, a well-controlled growth of nanowires is necessary for the successful application in devices. Tian et al. [6] have reported that if lower overpotential is used during DC electrodeposition then single crystalline nanowires of noble metals such as Au, Ag, Cu can be grown, but it is difficult to grow single crystalline nanowires of high melting point metals such as Co, Ni, Rh. Nevertheless, Yue et al. have found [7] that the lower potential is essential for the growth of single crystalline Ni nanowire arrays. Conversely, Pan et al. [8] and Thongmee et al. [9] have indicated that a higher overpotential favors the growth of single crystalline nanowires of Ni, Zn, Cu and Co. Clearly, the formation of single crystalline nanowires is not as easily explained only by overpotential. In recent literature, Kockar et al. [10] have reported that the magnetic properties of continuous Ni films are very sensitive to the electrolyte pH value. However, up to now, there are relatively few reports [7] studying the effect of pH value on the structure and magnetic properties of Ni nanowires. In this work, we investigated the influences of both potential and pH value on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Ni nanowire arrays by pulse ...

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“…It has also been found that the AAO template is an ideal template because it has many desirable characteristics, including tunable pore dimensions over a wide range of diameters and lengths, good mechanical strength and thermal stability. Among the well-developed fabrication methods based on AAO template, electrodeposition is recognized as one of the most efficient methods in controlling the growth of nanowires and has been widely used to produce a variety of metal [9,10], semiconductor, and conductive polymer nanowire arrays.…”

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confidence: 99%

Single-crystal silver nanowires: Preparation and Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) property

et al. 2009

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a b s t r a c t Keywords:Silver nanowire AAO SERS Ordered Ag nanowire arrays with high aspect ratio and high density self-supporting Ag nanowire patterns were successfully prepared using potentiostatic electrodeposition within the confined nanochannels of a commercial porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template. X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction analysis show that the as-synthesized samples have preferred (220) orientation. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy investigation reveal that large-area and ordered Ag nanowire arrays with smooth surface and uniform diameter were synthesized. Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectra show that the Ag nanowire arrays as substrates have high SERS activity.

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Single-crystal growth of metallic nanowires with preferred orientation

Cited by 91 publications

References 23 publications

Beat phenomena in metal nanowires, and their implications for resonance-based elastic property measurements

Beat phenomena in metal nanowires, and their implications for resonance-based elastic property measurements

Growth and magnetic properties of single crystalline Ni nanowire arrays prepared by pulse DC electrodeposition

Single-crystal silver nanowires: Preparation and Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) property

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