Single Cotton Fiber Properties of Low, Ideal, and High Micronaire Values

Abstract

The Favimat, a single fiber testing machine, is used to quantify the affects of cotton crimp on fibers from three samples consisting of cottons containing low, high, and ideal micronaire values for textile processing. In order to get a better representation of all fibers within these samples, the cotton is further divided into the Suter-Webb array length groups. Following cotton crimp image capturing, fiber fineness is determined by the vibroscope method. The mean values for these samples indicate that cotton containing more crimp in the fibers leads to larger elongation, force to break, linear density, tenacity. and work to rupture. The seven length groups from these cottons indicate that longer cotton fibers appear to contain more crimps per cm. The results suggest that the Favimat is satisfactory for measuring current and future cotton properties.Once-over cotton harvesting removes all cotton bolls from the plant [25), with mature cotton bolls found near the base and stem of the plant and natural variations of immature cotton bolls throughout the plant [38]. Cottonseed hairs (fibers) are removed, separated, and cleaned from cotton bolls by ginning to form cotton bales containing fibers from the entire plant. Cotton bales used in textile processing may contain diverse cotton fiber varieties grown on differing soils under different environmental conditions with varying fertilizer application rates and harvesting at different rates. Textile processing requires these diverse cotton bales to be blended, cleaned and processed, aligned, drawn, and twisted to form uniform yams. Yam strength is determined by fiber strength and fiber interactions, including length, friction, and twist [ 19J. Attempts have been made to correlate yam strength and single fibers [35]. Yams typically use approximately 30 to 70% of single fiber strength [ 19]. With increased processing speeds, cotton fiber classification improvements are required.Cotton grading has progressed from subjective human classers to the Hvt. a high volume instrument. Prior to HV!, classical cotton fiber properties such as strength. elongation, and fineness were generated by the Pressly tester, Stelometer, and Fibronaire. The Hm and Stelometer physically test specially combed fiber bundles. Fibronaire and HVt measurements of fineness use known weights of cotton fibers. The Favimat (Textechno Herbert Stein GmbH .& Co.KG, Monchengladbach, Germany), a low volume single fiber testing instrument, provides single fiber values, which are not currently generated in cotton grading that tests fiber bundles.Prior to the Favimat, Textechno in Germany has produced single fiber testers since 1955 [27]. Dedicated single fiber testing instruments have progressed from the Dewey tester [ 16J to today's instruments, the Favimat and Mantiss (Zellweger-Uster, Charlotte, NC). The Favimat provides traditional single fiber data. tensile strength, and percent elongation at a constant rate of extension with additional fiber parameters such as capturing fiber crimps, tenacity, linear density, ...

Microcellulose particles for surface modification to enhance moisture management properties of polyester, and polyester/cotton blend fabrics

“…Unfortunately, the wicking property between inner and outer surfaces of the fabrics made of cotton fibers is very poor; this makes cotton unsuitable for use against the skin during energetic activity. However, fabrics made of modified Polyester can give better moisture management, especially with using fine filament yarn [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Moisture management of fabrics not only depends on the materials, but also on their assembly in the fabric.…”

Thermally Induced Structural Transitions in Cotton Fiber Revealed by a Finite Mixture Model of Tenacity Distribution

“…Favimat, which can differentiate single fibers based on tensile properties and fineness, has been usefully used in cotton testing. 33 Figure 1a shows force-elongation curves for control cotton fiber. As expected for natural fibers, cotton exhibited wide variations in the response to external force.…”

Estimation of Tensile Strength and Unevenness of Compact-Spun Yarns by Using Hvi Fiber Properties

“…In fiber standardization, the HVI device has a great importance. Before this device; fiber properties such as strength, elongation and fineness were measured with Pressley tester, Stelometer and Fibronaire (11). After the development of the device, it became possible to obtain more detailed information about fiber in one device and to standardize it accordingly.…”