Single chip CMOS imagers and flexible microelectronic stimulators for a retina implant system

Stimulation with a Wireless Intraocular Epiretinal Implant Elicits Visual Percepts in Blind Humans

“…The intraocular device is based on a polyimide foil that carries a receiver coil, electronics for signal processing and generation of stimulation currents, and 25 stimulation electrodes manufactured from gold covered with iridium oxide. 27,28 Electrodes measure 100 m in diameter and are arranged in a hexagonal array ( Fig. 2A) with a center-to-center distance of 500 m. Stimulation data and energy are sent to the implant by way of a wireless radio frequency link.…”

A BioMEMS Review: MEMS Technology for Physiologically Integrated Devices

“…One such application is retinal stimulation to compensate for photoreceptor degeneration in the back of the eye. A flexible silicon microstimulator controlled telemetrically by CMOS image sensors has been demonstrated [57], [58]. MEMS piezoresistive shear stress sensors have also been applied to the detection of shear stress at the interface between above-knee prostheses and the skin of the stump, to prevent tissue damage arising from excess shear that may go unnoticed by patients due to neuropathy near the site of amputation [59], [60].…”

Profiling of symmetric-encryption algorithms for a novel biomedical-implant architecture

“…Instances of the former are devices measuring body temperature [33], blood pressure [13], blood-glucose concentration [25], gastric pressure [28], tissue bio-impedance [22] and more. In the latter category belong implantable pacemakers [5,16] and implantable intracardiac defibrillators (ICDs) [31], various functional electrical stimulators for paralyzed limbs [26], for bladder control [23], for blurred cornea in the eye [24] and more pathoses.…”