Single‐cell transcriptome atlas reveals protective characteristics of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine

Abstract

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are promising alternatives to conventional vaccines in many aspects. We previously developed a lipopolyplex (LPP)‐based mRNA vaccine (SW0123) that demonstrated robust immunogenicity and strong protective capacity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in mice and rhesus macaques. However, the immune profiles and mechanisms of pulmonary protection induced by SW0123 remain unclear. Through high‐resolution single‐cell analysis, we found that SW0123 vaccination effectively suppressed SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting the recruitment of proinflammatory macrophages and increasing the frequency of polymorphonuclear myeloid‐derived suppressor cells. In addition, the apoptotic process in both lung epithelial and endothelial cells was significantly inhibited, which was proposed to be one major mechanism contributing to vaccine‐induced lung protection. Cell−cell interaction in the lung compartment was also altered by vaccination. These data collectively unravel the mechanisms by which the SW0123 protects against lung damage caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.

Landscape of infiltrated immune cell characterization in COVID-19

“…Our study initially found that the newly constructed immune marker ICI has the potential to predict the progression of COVID-19 and the response to COVID-19-specific vaccines, and in the clinical setting, these findings can be effectively translated to some extent into the management of COVID-19 outbreaks, for example, an increasing number of studies have utilized gene expression to predict COVID-19 severity, which can provide a theoretical basis for the theoretical basis for prognostic management of COVID-19 patients [ [52] , [53] , [54] ]. In addition, the prediction of vaccine reactions can also be recognized [ 55 , 56 ].…”

Clinical and laboratory features in health care volunteers with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

“…However, further research on the pathophysiological process and mechanism of occurrence and development of COVID-19 immunity is required. Recently, other cell types were also mentioned regarding the induction of trained immunity following a single dose of the ChAdOx1nCoV-19 vaccine and SW0123 vaccination effectively suppressed SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting the recruitment of proinflammatory macrophages and increasing the frequency of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells using high-resolution single-cell analysis [ 27 , 28 ]. To reveal more mechanisms about COVID-19 vaccination, these conclusions need to be further clarified.…”

Recent progress in mRNA cancer vaccines

“…A crucial component of mRNA therapy is the delivery system. Common delivery systems include protamine, lipoplex (LPX), 64 lipopolyplex (LPP), 65 virus-like particles (VLPs), 66 dendritic cell, 67 and LNPs. 68 Due to its most advanced status in current application, this review primarily focuses on the application of LNP technology.…”