Single-beam graphene reflectarray for terahertz band communication

Hassan, Ahmed A.; Elsharkawy, Rania R.; Saleeb, Demyana A.; El-Rabie, El-Sayed M.; Elkorany, Ahmed S.

doi:10.1007/s10470-022-02033-y

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…To increase antenna elements, at the BS, beyond the scope of M-MIMO and remove the barrier of λ \ 2 sampling of space dimension, the graphene-based plasmonic structure can be a probable solution to develop nanoscale transceiver designs with maximum space dimension λ \ 20, eventually densely integrate large elements in small footprints (1024 elements under the 1mm2 dimension). Regrettably, graphene does not conduct appropriate signal processing at high-frequency bands, further study on the incorporation of metasurfaces into the plasmonic transceiver arrays has been suggested [118]. The plasmonic reflectarray antenna is another promising approach to enable ultra M-MIMO in a 3D environment with sizes ranging from 1 mm2 to 100 mm2 depending on mmWave or THz operating frequency bands.…”

Section: Plasmonic Antenna Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-antenna Arrays Based Massive-MIMO for B5G/6G: State-of-the-Art, Challenges and Future Research Directions

Qamar,

Kazmi,

Ariffin

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This comprehensive article explores Massive MIMO (M-MIMO) design and its associated concepts, focusing on the seamless integration requirements for Beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G networks. Addressing critical aspects such as RF chain reduction, pilot contamination, Cell-Free MIMO, and security considerations, the article delves into the intricacies of M-MIMO in the evolving landscape of B5G. Moreover, the emerging MIMO concepts in this article include AI-enabled M-MIMO three-dimensional beamforming, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, visible light communication, and THz spectrum utilization. This review highlights challenges and open research issues, including Narrow Aperture Antenna Nodes, Plasmonic Antenna Arrays, Integrated Sensing with M-MIMO, and the application of Federated Learning in M-MIMO systems. By examining these cutting-edge developments, the article aims to contribute to advancing knowledge in the field and inspire future research directions in the exciting realm of B5G and 6G networks.

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Section: Plasmonic Antenna Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-antenna Arrays Based Massive-MIMO for B5G/6G: State-of-the-Art, Challenges and Future Research Directions

Qamar,

Kazmi,

Ariffin

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The use of such structural geometries for graphene patches provides the capability of phase variation equal to 360 degrees, unlike common graphene square unit cells. In 40 , the hexagonal graphene unit-cells were proposed. The reflectarray operating at 1.6 THz using this geometry was designed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and design of terahertz reflectarrays based on graphene cell clusters

Hosseini

Oraizi

2022

Sci Rep

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In this paper, the graphene cell-cluster is introduced, which is composed of an array of identical unit-cells placed in a geometrical configuration. Such graphene cell-clusters are then used for the realization of a reflectarray. To the best of our knowledge, identical unit-cells in a particular geometrical configuration have already been introduced, but the analytical formulas for this model have not been investigated so far. In this paper, the Fourier-optics and aperture field estimation methods are applied to investigate the effect of cell-cluster dimensions on the generation of specified far-field radiation patterns. Implementing cell-clusters in graphene reflectarrays and similar structures, and also applying the proposed formulas, lead to the simplicity of configuration and enhancing the design accuracy. First, the effect of cell-cluster dimensions on the reflectarray radiation pattern is investigated. Then, a reflectarray composed of graphene cell-clusters is designed. A new configuration of graphene unit-cell composed of two graphene layers is proposed, where a middle layer of metallic patch is inserted. In the common graphene unit-cells, the rate of amplitude variations is quite high and greatly depends on the variation of phase in the proposed unit-cell. However, the amplitude variation is quite smaller than the phase variations.

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