Single atoms supported on metal oxides for energy catalysis

Abstract

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted wide interest from researchers, as they promisingly bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.

Controlled synthesis of Ru-single-atoms on ordered mesoporous phosphine polymers for microwave-assisted conversion of biomass-derived sugars to artificial sweeteners

“…[17][18][19] For their stabilization, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon, graphene, metal hydroxides, and metal oxides have so far been used as supports; yet, their impact on activity and stability requires further attention due to inadequate metal-support interactions. [20][21][22][23][24] Moreover, microporosity could be a prominent hurdle for biomass utilization, which directs the necessity of mesoporous frameworks. 25 Functional cross-linked porous polymers (POP) are ubiquitous in solid catalysis and are advantageous as a support for single-metal atoms, commonly reported with disordered polymers.…”

“…17–19 For their stabilization, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon, graphene, metal hydroxides, and metal oxides have so far been used as supports; yet, their impact on activity and stability requires further attention due to inadequate metal–support interactions. 20–24 Moreover, microporosity could be a prominent hurdle for biomass utilization, which directs the necessity of mesoporous frameworks. 25…”

Role of the Support Effects in Single‐Atom Catalysts

“…exist on the surface of these supports. These defects can be used as anchor points for metal atoms [117] . This review briefly introduces several typical metal compounds as supports.…”

“…Al 2 O 3 is the typical example of an irreducible oxide support (Figure 8c). [122] However, the direct force between Al 2 O 3 and metal atoms is weak, so it is usually necessary to further modify Al 2 O 3 ‐based supports (such as the introduction of alkaline earth or rare earth metal elements) [117,123] …”

Machine learning for design principles for single atom catalysts towards electrochemical reactions

“…249 (5) In Table 1, two-dimensional (2D) materials leading to reduced computational cost due to their simplicity in structure are shown. However, three-dimensional (3D) materials, such as oxides and nitrides, 250,251 play a major role in catalysis and should be extensively investigated by using existing or new ML algorithms.…”