Abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of isolated and combined applications of gibberellic acid (gibberellin), indolbutyric acid (auxin) and kinetin (cytokinin) on vegetative and reproductive development of tomato test plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom), to better elucidate the interactions among these hormonal classes. The following treatments were accomplished through foliar application: GA3 (5 mg L-1); IBA (5 mg L-1); KIN (9 mg L-1); GA3 + IBA (5 mg L-1 + 5 mg L-1); GA3 + KIN (5 mg L-1 +… Show more
“…Auxins, gibberellic acids, and cytokinins are important plant hormones that synergistically regulate cell division, cell expansion, control shoot meristem development, and stem elongation (Cato, Macedo, & Peres, ). Teng et al () investigated the effects of e[CO 2 ] on plant hormones using Arabidopsis thaliana and concluded that there was a significant increment in indole‐3‐acetic acid (one of the common plant hormones in the auxin class), gibberellic acid, zeatin riboside, dihydrozeatin riboside, and isopentenyl adenosine of the class cytokinin at e[CO 2 ].…”
Section: Impact Of Elevated [Co2] On Other Cellular Mechanisms and Itmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Accumulation of ACC oxidase is higher under e[CO 2 ] as this enzyme has an absolute requirement of [CO 2 ] for its activation, and thus contributes to high levels of ethylene production (Finlayson & Reid, 1996). It has been demonstrated that an increase in ethylene production is a key feature of accelerated growth and development in rice under e[CO 2 ] that accelerates tiller number and auxiliary bud development, potentially leading to higher grain yield (Cato, Macedo, & Peres, 2013). Teng et al (2006) Souza et al, 2008;Gupta et al, 2005;Taylor et al, 2005;Wei et al, 2013).…”
Section: Plant Hormonal Metabolism Is Influenced By Elevated [Co 2 ]mentioning
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO ]) significantly influences plant growth, development, and biomass. Increased photosynthesis rate, together with lower stomatal conductance, has been identified as the key factors that stimulate plant growth at elevated [CO ] (e[CO ]). However, variations in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance alone cannot fully explain the dynamic changes in plant growth. Stimulation of photosynthesis at e[CO ] is always associated with post-photosynthetic secondary metabolic processes that include carbon and nitrogen metabolism, cell cycle functions, and hormonal regulation. Most studies have focused on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in response to e[CO ], despite the emerging evidence of e[CO ]'s role in moderating secondary metabolism in plants. In this review, we briefly discuss the effects of e[CO ] on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and then focus on the changes in other cellular mechanisms and growth processes at e[CO ] in relation to plant growth and development. Finally, knowledge gaps in understanding plant growth responses to e[CO ] have been identified with the aim of improving crop productivity under a CO rich atmosphere.
“…Auxins, gibberellic acids, and cytokinins are important plant hormones that synergistically regulate cell division, cell expansion, control shoot meristem development, and stem elongation (Cato, Macedo, & Peres, ). Teng et al () investigated the effects of e[CO 2 ] on plant hormones using Arabidopsis thaliana and concluded that there was a significant increment in indole‐3‐acetic acid (one of the common plant hormones in the auxin class), gibberellic acid, zeatin riboside, dihydrozeatin riboside, and isopentenyl adenosine of the class cytokinin at e[CO 2 ].…”
Section: Impact Of Elevated [Co2] On Other Cellular Mechanisms and Itmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Accumulation of ACC oxidase is higher under e[CO 2 ] as this enzyme has an absolute requirement of [CO 2 ] for its activation, and thus contributes to high levels of ethylene production (Finlayson & Reid, 1996). It has been demonstrated that an increase in ethylene production is a key feature of accelerated growth and development in rice under e[CO 2 ] that accelerates tiller number and auxiliary bud development, potentially leading to higher grain yield (Cato, Macedo, & Peres, 2013). Teng et al (2006) Souza et al, 2008;Gupta et al, 2005;Taylor et al, 2005;Wei et al, 2013).…”
Section: Plant Hormonal Metabolism Is Influenced By Elevated [Co 2 ]mentioning
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO ]) significantly influences plant growth, development, and biomass. Increased photosynthesis rate, together with lower stomatal conductance, has been identified as the key factors that stimulate plant growth at elevated [CO ] (e[CO ]). However, variations in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance alone cannot fully explain the dynamic changes in plant growth. Stimulation of photosynthesis at e[CO ] is always associated with post-photosynthetic secondary metabolic processes that include carbon and nitrogen metabolism, cell cycle functions, and hormonal regulation. Most studies have focused on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in response to e[CO ], despite the emerging evidence of e[CO ]'s role in moderating secondary metabolism in plants. In this review, we briefly discuss the effects of e[CO ] on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and then focus on the changes in other cellular mechanisms and growth processes at e[CO ] in relation to plant growth and development. Finally, knowledge gaps in understanding plant growth responses to e[CO ] have been identified with the aim of improving crop productivity under a CO rich atmosphere.
“…This is related to the fact that TOL is easily absorbed by plants and acts as an auxin synthesis regulator, through the TOL‐oxidase enzyme activity (Lebuhn et al, ). It is known that auxins are responsible for plant growth by directly influencing the cell expansion mechanism and apical and root development (Cato et al, ). TOL accumulation in leaves may have contributed to a better hormonal balance in the plant shoot by being converted into auxin, thus favouring the polar‐basipetal transport and consequently increasing the root volume and area.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The literature points out that plant growth regulators (PGR), an organic non‐nutrient compound that may interfere with (by promoting or inhibiting) the morphological and/or physiological processes when applied at low concentrations, are extensively used in the search to achieve higher yield (Cato et al, ). Silva et al () have noted that the application of PGR, composed of auxin, cytokinin and gibberellic acid, in Phaseolus vulgaris seeds led to an increase in shoot dry matter of the plants.…”
With the increasing global demand for food, fuel and fibre, the use of plant growth regulators in agriculture has become an agricultural practice aimed to improve physiological and productive responses. Our work aimed to evaluate the effect of tryptophol (Tol), a precursor of auxin, on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The experiment was conducted in pots under greenhouse conditions, where we evaluated the Tol effect on bean crop under two different application forms: T Soil -soil application of Tol (4.10 −4 mg L −1 ) and T Leaf -leaf tryptophol application (4.10 −4 mg L −1 ), plus a reference treatment (0 mg L −1 of Tol). We analysed the variables: shoot fresh and dry matter; root dry matter, area and volume; leaf macro and micronutrients; CO 2 net assimilation rate (A); stomatal conductance (g S ); internal CO 2 concentration (C I ); foliar transpiration (E); photosynthetic pigment content and some crop production attributes. The application of Tol through the foliar pathway proved to be more advantageous because it improved the shoot fresh and dry matter, increased the root volume and area, favoured less foliar transpiration and improved the length of pods, while the application of Tol in soil induced higher nitrogen accumulation in leaves. Our observations allow the characterization of Tol as a bioactive metabolite, suggesting an important potential for use in agricultural systems.
“…Based in the results of this work it was visibly observed that there were limitations in the development of the crop; however, the data showed that the application of the treatments which utilize pyraclostrobin allow the production of floral stems, as well as the treatment with the mixture of vegetal regulators also synergistically actuated over the rose crop. It is supposed that throughout the crop cycle a regulation in the hormonal level occurred to overwhelm the stress and to alleviate the oxidative stress of the plants, such as suggested by Kanungo & Joshi (2014) when they used strobilurins, and by Cato (2013), when utilizing the vegetal regulators.…”
Section: Production (Stems Plant -1 ) Variation Source 292 Datmentioning
The cultivation of cut roses can be compromised when cultivated in regions where climatic conditions are limiting for their adequate growth and development, so it is necessary to use appropriate technologies and inputs for their production. The application of products that promote physiological changes in the plant, such as fungicides or plant regulators might be viable technologies for rose production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of cv. Carola under application of products with physiological effects cultivated in the Valley of the submedium São Francisco. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 6 x 6 factorial design, with 6 products with physiological action (control - application of water, boscalid, pyraclostrobin, boscalid + pyraclostrobin, fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin and plant growth regulator) and 6 periods of analysis (40, 68, 124, 180, 236 and 292 days after transplantation, DAT) with four replicas of 12 plants each. Throughout the dates were evaluated the number of leaves, leaf area, total leaf chlorophyll, dry mass of leaves, stems, flowering branches, total dry mass, production of stems per plant and the biomass partition. There were significant differences for all variables studied except for the production of stems per plant. Regarding the biomass partition, a variation of values among applied products was observed over time, however, fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin and the growth regulator presented a balance among the dry mass of leaves, stem and flowering branches. The application of products belonging to the group of strobilurins as well as growth regulators is promising for the cultivation of cut roses in the semiarid.
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