“…Experimental models demonstrate its role in synapses and neuromuscular junctions, resulting in hyperexcitability and seizures 2,18 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The early removal of stings by clamping or scraping can reduce the amount of venom injected. However, scraping is believed to decrease the risk of venom inoculation during the subsequent clamping procedure 2,22 . A study at the University of California showed no change in the blood levels of the toxin content 10 min after removing the stings, as the venom content had been completely released from the stings by this time 22 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The incidence of envenoming syndrome is rare. Treatment is not specific and it does not determine the prognosis of the envenomation 2 . European honey bees, Apis mellifera mellifera and Apis mellifera ligustica, were introduced to Brazil in 1839 and 1870, respectively.…”
SUMMARYEnvenoming syndrome from Africanized bee stings is a toxic syndrome caused by the inoculation of large amounts of venom from multiple bee stings, generally more than five hundred. The incidence of severe toxicity from Africanized bee stings is rare but deadly. This report reveals that because of the small volume of distribution, having fewer stings does not exempt a patient from experiencing an unfavorable outcome, particularly in children, elderly people or underweight people.
“…Experimental models demonstrate its role in synapses and neuromuscular junctions, resulting in hyperexcitability and seizures 2,18 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The early removal of stings by clamping or scraping can reduce the amount of venom injected. However, scraping is believed to decrease the risk of venom inoculation during the subsequent clamping procedure 2,22 . A study at the University of California showed no change in the blood levels of the toxin content 10 min after removing the stings, as the venom content had been completely released from the stings by this time 22 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The incidence of envenoming syndrome is rare. Treatment is not specific and it does not determine the prognosis of the envenomation 2 . European honey bees, Apis mellifera mellifera and Apis mellifera ligustica, were introduced to Brazil in 1839 and 1870, respectively.…”
SUMMARYEnvenoming syndrome from Africanized bee stings is a toxic syndrome caused by the inoculation of large amounts of venom from multiple bee stings, generally more than five hundred. The incidence of severe toxicity from Africanized bee stings is rare but deadly. This report reveals that because of the small volume of distribution, having fewer stings does not exempt a patient from experiencing an unfavorable outcome, particularly in children, elderly people or underweight people.
“…Early care with hemodynamic stabilization, use of antihypotensive agent, acid-base balance control, urine alkalinization, and hemodialysis were efficient to prevent lethality. 29 The researchers Zaré et al conducted animal studies to investigate the effects of apitoxin as an alternative treatment for arthritis and commented that bee stings were already used in the past as a common treatment of this disease. To investigate the probable beneficial effect of apitoxin on inflammation reduction, the researchers selected 30 Wister rats which were separated into 6 groups.…”
Apitoxin is the venom produced by bees of the genus Apis. This toxin is produced by these insects for protecting the hive against predators such as arthropods and vertebrates. Apitoxin is composed by a complex combination of enzymes, peptides and amino acids, as well as small amounts of carbohydrates and lipids. Bee venom and its bioactive compounds have several biological effects against a variety of diseases in humans and animals. The treatment with the bee venom is used in traditional Chinese medicine and since ancient times in Egypt, Greece and India. Nowadays, apitoxin continues to be used in alternative treatment of various diseases such as arthritis, rheumatism, skin diseases, several types of pain and infections, and against cancer. The use of apitoxin has an increasing potential in the pharmaceutical sector, with some products already available. The objective of this research is to outline the physiotherapic treatment with apitoxin in the treatment of various diseases, as well as to verify the current status of research in apitherapy.
“…Their colonies are installed in houses, walls and trees, which indicates a high degree of synanthropism (7). Hence, the number of accidents caused by bee stings has increased in recent years (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Escher et al (18) and Malaspina et al (19) reported a large number of patients treated in emergency centers in São Paulo state, affected by allergic reactions to Hymenoptera venom, and observed that 32% of them were victims of bee stings, 37% of wasp stings and 31% of ant stings.…”
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