Sincerely Fake: Exploring User-Generated Political Fakes and Networked Publics

Ferrari, Elisabetta

doi:10.1177/2056305120963824

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…3.1.5 How FNI is created. When creating FNI, the promulgators elaborately design it and may even satirise politicians or political organisations by impersonating them (Ferrari, 2020). Although FNI usually originates from real events (Berkowitz and Schwartz, 2016;Mourão and Robertson, 2019), real and fake news have more significant differences than similarities (Horne and Adali, 2017) in terms of news content, images and other links.…”

Section: Input Of Fnimentioning

confidence: 99%

Fake news on the internet: a literature review, synthesis and directions for future research

Ngai

et al. 2022

INTR

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PurposeThe extensive distribution of fake news on the internet (FNI) has significantly affected many lives. Although numerous studies have recently been conducted on this topic, few have helped us to systematically understand the antecedents and consequences of FNI. This study contributes to the understanding of FNI and guides future research.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the input–process–output framework, this study reviews 202 relevant articles to examine the extent to which the antecedents and consequences of FNI have been investigated. It proposes a conceptual framework and poses future research questions.FindingsFirst, it examines the “what”, “why”, “who”, “when”, “where” and “how” of creating FNI. Second, it analyses the spread features of FNI and the factors that affect the spread of FNI. Third, it investigates the consequences of FNI in the political, social, scientific, health, business, media and journalism fields.Originality/valueThe extant reviews on FNI mainly focus on the interventions or detection of FNI, and a few analyse the antecedents and consequences of FNI in specific fields. This study helps readers to synthetically understand the antecedents and consequences of FNI in all fields. This study is among the first to summarise the conceptual framework for FNI research, including the basic relevant theoretical foundations, research methodologies and public datasets.

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Section: Input Of Fnimentioning

confidence: 99%

Fake news on the internet: a literature review, synthesis and directions for future research

Ngai

et al. 2022

INTR

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Using Social Media Categorical Reactions as a Gateway to Identify Hate Speech in COVID-19 News

Oliveira

Azevedo²

2022

SN COMPUT. SCI.

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The spread of COVID-19 news on social media provided a particularly prolific ground for emotional commotion, disinformation and hate speech, as uncertainty and fear grew by the day. In this paper, we examine the media coverage of the COVID-19 outburst in Portugal (March–May 2020), the subsequent emotional engagement of audiences and the entropy-based emotional controversy generated as a gateway to detect the presence of hate speech, using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis (CAQDAS) embedded in a cross-sectional descriptive methodology. Our results reveal that negative and volatile categorical emotions (“Angry”, “Haha” and “Wow”) serve as main engines for controversy, and that controversial news have the highest sharing ratio. Moreover, using a small sample of the most controversial news with the highest overall emotional engagement, we establish a relation between the entropy-based emotional controversy obtained from Facebook’s click-based reactions and the presence of cultural and ethnic hate speech, plausibly confirming the click-based categorical emotions as a gateway to hatred comment pools. In doing so, we also reveal that negative emotions alone do not always indicate the presence of hate speech, which may sprout in seemingly humorous social media posts where irony proliferates, and negativity is not apparent. This work adds to the literature on social media categorical emotion detection and its implications for the detection of hate speech.

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Where is the public of ‘networked publics’? A critical analysis of the theoretical limitations of online publics research

Ojala,

Ripatti-Torniainen

2023

European Journal of Communication

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The study of online media use has been elemental in shaping the research on publics within communication and media studies in the last few decades. This article takes a critical view of this research by asking to what extent it has been informed by the long history of theoretical work on the concept of the public. Reviewing the literature on ‘networked publics’ as an illustrative example, we demonstrate how the lack of public-theoretical engagement creates both conceptual and empirical limitations to the study of online publics. We also indicate how the sociological, political theory and cultural studies traditions on the concept of the public can contribute to widening the perspectives of online publics research within communication and media studies.

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Sincerely Fake: Exploring User-Generated Political Fakes and Networked Publics

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Fake news on the internet: a literature review, synthesis and directions for future research

Fake news on the internet: a literature review, synthesis and directions for future research

Using Social Media Categorical Reactions as a Gateway to Identify Hate Speech in COVID-19 News

Where is the public of ‘networked publics’? A critical analysis of the theoretical limitations of online publics research

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