“…Recently, some previous studies (e.g., Abdolmalaki et al, 2019; M. AFFANDI ARIANTO, ALI SAUKAH, YAZID BASTHOMI, ANIK NUNUK WULYANI Afshar et al, 2018;Farnia & Barati, 2017) have considered the 1990 version to be the model used to identify the moves and steps in RA introductions. Meanwhile, some others have considered both models when investigating authors' rhetorical elements in RA introductions (Abdi & Sadeghi, 2018;Lim, 2012;Loi, 2010;Moghaddasi & Graves, 2017;Rahman, Darus, & Amir, 2017;Rubio, 2011;Wang & Yang, 2015). However, although many studies have investigated authors' RAs, particularly the abstract and introduction sections, and their reports have been used as guidelines for non-native and novice authors, there is still a need for deeper analysis on how authors present their research gaps in both sections.…”