Simultaneous Voltammetric Detection of Carbaryl and Paraquat Pesticides on Graphene-Modified Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

Abstract

Monitoring of pesticide residues in food, beverages, and the environment requires fast, versatile, and sensitive analyzing methods. Direct electrochemical detection of pesticides could represent an efficient solution. Adequate electrode material, electrochemical technique, and optimal operation parameters define the detection method for practical application. In this study, cyclic voltammetric and differential pulse voltammetric techniques were used in order to individually and simultaneously detect two pesticides, i.e., carbaryl (CR) and paraquat (PQ), from an acetate buffer solution and also from natural apple juice. A graphene-modified boron-doped diamond electrode, denoted BDDGR, was obtained and successfully applied in the simultaneous detection of CR and PQ pesticides, using the differential pulse voltammetric technique with remarkable electroanalytical parameters in terms of sensitivity: 33.27 μA μM−1 cm−2 for CR and 31.83 μA μM−1 cm−2 for PQ. These outstanding results obtained in the acetate buffer supporting electrolyte allowed us to simultaneously detect the targeted pesticides in natural apple juice.

Enhanced Electrochemical Response of Diclofenac at a Fullerene–Carbon Nanofiber Paste Electrode

“… a,b The lowest limit of detection and the lowest limit of quantification, respectively, determined in accordance with the literature [30]; c For three replicates; d - means not determined.…”

Design and Application of a Non‐enzymatic Sensor Based on Metal‐organic Frameworks for the Simultaneous Determination of Carbofuran and Carbaryl in Fruits and Vegetables

“…Hummer's method is used to synthesize GO . Then, 1.3 g GO was suspended in 20.0 mL DMF and sonicated for 8 h (soln1).…”

“…To date, different electrode modifiers are developed for determining CBR and CBF. These sensors include glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with MWCNTs/cobalt phthalocyanine and graphene oxide‐ionic liquid composite low silica X zeolite modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) and graphene‐modified boron‐doped diamond electrode for detection of CBR in the real samples. Furthermore, Tan et al., designed a novel molecularly imprinted sensor based on GCE decorated by reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles (rGO@Au) to monitoring of CBF in real vegetable samples Wang et al., for the first time, reported a new electrochemical sensor based on CoO nanoparticle‐decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified GCE for the simultaneous detection of CBF and CBR .…”

Passivated graphene quantum dots for carbaryl determination in juices

“…The most extended insecticides used in agriculture are of the carbamate family, and their presence in the environment implies a serious threat to living organisms and human health [1,2]. Monitoring pesticide residues in the environment as well as in food and beverages requires fast, versatile, and sensitive analytical methods.…”