Simultaneous separation of five fluoroquinolone antibiotics by capillary zone electrophoresis

Faria, Adriana F.; Souza, Marcus V. N. de; Almeida, Mauro Vieira de; Oliveira, Marcone Augusto Leal de

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.07.037

Cited by 78 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with FD was employed for separation of 9 FQs in surface water samples [56]. CZE with UV detection was used for simultaneous determination of 5 FQs [62].…”

Section: Fluoroquinolone Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of analytical methodologies for the determination of antibiotics in environmental waters

Seifrtová¹,

Nováková²,

Lino³

et al. 2009

Analytica Chimica Acta

295

160

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a b s t r a c tThe widespread occurrence of antibiotics as contaminants in the aquatic environment has increased attention in the last years. The concern over the release of antibiotics into the environment is related primarily to the potential for the development of antimicrobial resistance among microorganisms. This article presents an overview of analytical methodologies for the determination of quinolone (Qs) and fluoroquinolone (FQs), macrolide (MLs), tetracycline (TCs), sulfonamide (SAs) antibiotics and trimethoprim (TMP) in different environmental waters. The analysis of these antibiotics has usually been carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and to a lesser extent by ultraviolet (UV) or fluorescence detection (FD). A very important step before LC analysis is sample preparation and extraction leading to elimination of interferences and prevention of matrix effect and preconcentration of target analytes.

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Section: Fluoroquinolone Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of analytical methodologies for the determination of antibiotics in environmental waters

Seifrtová¹,

Nováková²,

Lino³

et al. 2009

Analytica Chimica Acta

295

160

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“…For gatifloxacin, the LOQ and LOD were 5.0 Â 10 À8 and 2.0 Â 10 À8 g/mL at S/N of 10 and 3, respectively. This analysis system for gatifloxacin shows LOQ of 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than that of most of the previously reported chromatography-based method [4][5][6][7][8][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Methods Validationmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…So far, some methods such as HPLC-UV [4][5][6][7], HPLCfluorimetry [6,8], HPLC-MS [9], CE-UV [10][11][12], highperformance TLC [13], fluorimetry [14,15], UV [16], chemiluminescent analysis [17], voltammetry [18], polarography [19], atomic absorption spectrometry [20], conductometry [20] and colorimetry [20] have been developed for the analysis of gatifloxacin in pharmaceutical preparation, biological fluid and animal tissue. Among these, HPLC [4,6,8,9] based strategies have been most universally used for the determination of this drug in biological samples since the complex matrix may severely interfere in the analysis if effective separation process is absent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, CE also shows higher column efficiency than some other chromatographic strategies such as TLC and HPLC. Compared with UV detection after CE separation [10][11][12], the proposed strategy shows higher sensitivity and lower LOD due to the application of ECL detector. The performance in quantitation of gatifloxacin in urine and blood reveals that the proposed method is promising and practical in pharmacokinetics investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, as a ''green'' technique, CE separation is commonly performed in aqueous running buffers or aqueous running buffers containing a spot of organic solvent instead of organic mobile phase in HPLC, which diminishes pollution to the environment and damage to the operator. However, the sensitivity of the reported works concerning the determination of gatifloxacin in biological sample using CE is limited due to the UV detector commonly used, in which LOQ of 5.0 Â 10 À6 and 5.0 Â 10 À7 g/mL [10][11][12] are achieved. ECL using tris(2,2 0 -bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy) 3 21 ) has been extensively applied for the analysis of various compounds containing secondary or tertiary amine [21,22].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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CE‐ECL detection of gatifloxacin in biological fluid after clean‐up using SPE

Wang

et al. 2009

J of Separation Science

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A simple, rapid and sensitive CE method has been proposed for the determination of gatifloxacin in biological fluid. This method is based on the ECL reaction of gatifloxacin and tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) occurred in the end-column detection cell. Under the optimal conditions, gatifloxacin can be assayed within 10 min over the concentration range of 5.0 Â 10 À8 À5.0 Â 10 À6 g/mL with the theoretical plate numbers of 18 000. The intra-day and inter-day precision of the signal intensity and the migration time shows acceptable reproducibility for the analysis of gatifloxacin. The presented method has been successfully applied to determine the concentrations of gatifloxacin in urine and blood samples after clean-up using C 18 SPE column. IntroductionGatifloxacin, a synthetic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that is active against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, is widely used for the treatment of various infections. This drug offers several advantages over previous antibiotics, including enhanced in vitro activity against clinically important pathogens and improved pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics characteristics, which may improve patient outcomes against certain bacterial pathogens, especially penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. The absolute bioavailability of gatifloxacin is 96%, with mean peak plasma concentration of 3.1-3.6 mg/mL usually occurring 1-2 h after the ingestion of a 400 mg therapeutic dosage [1][2][3].So far, some methods such as HPLC-UV [4][5][6][7], HPLCfluorimetry [6,8] [20] have been developed for the analysis of gatifloxacin in pharmaceutical preparation, biological fluid and animal tissue. Among these, HPLC [4,6,8,9] based strategies have been most universally used for the determination of this drug in biological samples since the complex matrix may severely interfere in the analysis if effective separation process is absent. High separation efficiency, low sample amount required and short run time make CE a significant complement to HPLC for the detection of various drugs and metabolites in complex sample matrix. Furthermore, as a ''green'' technique, CE separation is commonly performed in aqueous running buffers or aqueous running buffers containing a spot of organic solvent instead of organic mobile phase in HPLC, which diminishes pollution to the environment and damage to the operator. However, the sensitivity of the reported works concerning the determination of gatifloxacin in biological sample using CE is limited due to the UV detector commonly used, in which LOQ of 5.0 Â 10 À6 and 5.0 Â 10 À7 g/mL [10][11][12] are achieved. ECL using tris(2,2 0 -bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy) 3 21 ) has been extensively applied for the analysis of various compounds containing secondary or tertiary amine [21,22]. In recent years, ECL has attracted increasing interest as CE end-column detector for separation and detection of amine containing compounds and their derivatives for its high sensitivity, simple instrument and low assay cost [23][24][25][26][27][28][29...

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Determination of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin in urine and plasma by HPLC–FLD–DAD using pentafluorophenyl core–shell column: Application to drug monitoring

Yıldırım

Karakoç

Yaşar

et al. 2020

Biomedical Chromatography

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Concentrations of fluoroquinolones, which are used in the treatment of many bacterial infections, should be monitored in biological fluids as they exhibit concentration‐dependent bactericidal activity. In this study, a liquid chromatography method for the determination of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin in human urine and plasma was developed for the first time. The efficiency of five different columns for the separation of these fluoroquinolones was compared. Experimental parameters that affect the separation, such as percentage of organic solvent, pH, temperature, gradient shape and detector wavelength, were optimized by a step‐by‐step approach. Using a pentafluorophenyl core–shell column (100 × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm), the separation of four analytes was accomplished in <7.5 min. The developed method was validated for the determination of analytes in both urine and plasma with respect to sensitivity, specificity, linearity (r ≥ 0.9989), recovery (79.46–102.69%), accuracy, precision and stability (85.79–111.07%). The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracies were within 89.55–111.94% with relative standard deviations of 0.35–8.05%. The feasibility of method was demonstrated by analyzing urine and plasma samples of patients orally receiving levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin or moxifloxacin. The developed method is suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of these fluoroquinolones and can be applied to pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies.

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Simultaneous separation of five fluoroquinolone antibiotics by capillary zone electrophoresis

Cited by 78 publications

References 23 publications

An overview of analytical methodologies for the determination of antibiotics in environmental waters

An overview of analytical methodologies for the determination of antibiotics in environmental waters

CE‐ECL detection of gatifloxacin in biological fluid after clean‐up using SPE

Determination of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin in urine and plasma by HPLC–FLD–DAD using pentafluorophenyl core–shell column: Application to drug monitoring

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