Simultaneous Separation and Analysis of Five Compounds in Cibotium barometz by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography with Large-Volume Sample Stacking

Abstract

A large volume sample stacking (LVSS) method in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with diode array detector was developed for the simultaneous separation and analysis of five compounds: protocatechuic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, caffeic acid, syringetin and vanillin in Cibotium barometz. The electrophoretic separation was performed in a 10 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 50 mM sodium borax-sodium dihydrogen phosphate system (pH = 8.5) with 10% methanol at a separation voltage of 30 kV after optimizing the typical parameters. The detection limits were from 32 pg to 65 pg, which were around 12–27 times lower than MEKC, and 500 times less than reported methods. Finally, the established method was validated to be applicable for the determination of protocatechuic acid and caffeic acid in Cibotium barometz. This proposed method is expected to facilitate the quality control of Cibotium barometz.

Advances and strategies for capillary electrophoresis in the characterization of traditional Chinese medicine: A review of the past decade (2011–2021)

“…Recently, the most sensitive MEKC-UV with LVSS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous separation of five polyphenolic compounds (protocatechuic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, caffeic acid, syringetin, and vanillin) in Cibotium barometz. The detection limits ranged from 32 to 65 pg, which were 12-27 times lower than those for MEKC and 500 times lower than previously reported (Wang et al, 2021).…”

“…Furthermore, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) (Li et al, 2017) and reflux (Gao et al, 2015) have been reported. The preconcentration methods include ITP (Chen et al, 2012), fieldamplified sample stacking (FASS) (Wang et al, 2018), field-amplified sample injection (FASI) (Duan et al, 2012), large volume sample stacking (LVSS) (Wang et al, 2021), and micelle to solvent stacking (MSS) (Yin et al, 2011). Some review papers for online sample preconcentration provide more extensive information on the theory and applications, such as FASS and t-ITP (Kitagawa and Otsuka, 2014;Kawai, 2017), sample stacking (Šlampová et al, 2018), and SPE (Dugheri et al, 2021) is recommended.…”

“…In contrast, insufficient stacking time resulted in the partial elimination of the sample matrix. Thus, optimization of the LVSS stacking and injection times were critical factors to monitor (Wang et al, 2021). Honegr et al (Honegr and Pospisilova, 2013) coupled LVSS with a polarity-switching approach to improve sensitivity.…”

Recent Applications of Dynamic On-Line Sample Preconcentration Techniques in Capillary Electrophoresis

“…To overcome this drawback, LVSS combines with the polarity switching (PS) technique to remove a vacant sample matrix from the capillary to the inlet vial. By employing the PS-LVSS technique, Chinese medicine component [43], magnetic [44], and 3-hydroxyaspartate [45,46] were successfully concentrated and separated in CE. Nguyen et al reported an effective PS-LVSS method for fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles [44].…”

Determination of ticagrelol in rat plasma and tablets by micellar electrokinetic chromatography coupled with large volume sample stacking: Application to a pharmacokinetic study

“…The so‐called large‐volume sample stacking (LVSS), is a generally effective and well‐known on‐line preconcentration technique. In LVSS, the introduction of a large volume of sample solution prepared in a low‐conductivity matrix is allowed compared to normal injection [40]. Stacking occurs at the interface between the low‐conductivity sample zone and the running buffer zone.…”