Simultaneous quantitative determination of Sudan dyes using liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure photoionization–tandem mass spectrometry

Determination of Sudan Dyes in Juice Samples via Solidification of Ionic Liquid in Microwave-Assisted Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

“…Sudan dyes are a group of lipophilic azo dyes that are widely used as coloring agents in oils, waxes, floor and shoe polishes, and printing inks Murty et al 2009). However, the azo functional groups and aromatic rings in Sudan dyes may lead to adverse effects on health such as allergic and asthmatic reactions, DNA damage, hyperactivity, and liver cancer (Zhao et al 2012).…”

Interference-free determination of illegal dyes in sauces and condiments by matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) and liquid chromatography (HPLC–DAD)

“…Although sudan I-IV and carothenoids have different chemical structures other properties such as polarity, solubility and absorption spectra are very similar, making difficult the determination of sudans by HPLC in food matrices, so it is always necessary to carry out a laborious sample pretreatment steps to eliminate interferences. Different analytical methods have been reported in the literature for the determination of sudans (Rebane, Leito, Yurchenko, & Herodes, 2010), such as electrochemical (Chailapakul, Wonsawat, Siangproh, Grudpan, Zhao, & Zhu, 2008), capillary electrophoresis (Mejia, Ding, Mora, & Garcia, 2007), chemiluminescence (Chang et al, 2011) and immunoassays (Ju, Tang, Fan, & Chen, 2008), being liquid chromatography-diode array detection (LC-DAD) (Cornet, Govaert, Moens, Loco, & Degroodt, 2006;Long et al, 2011;Qi, Zeng, Wen, Liang, & Zhang, 2011;Uematsu, Ogimoto, Kabashima, Suzuki, & Ito, 2007;Yan, Wang, Qiao, & Yang, 2011) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (Botek, Poutska, & Hajslová, 2007;Ferrer, Fernández-Alba, & Ferrer, 2007;Pardo, Yusá, León, & Pastor, 2009;Tateo & Bononi, 2004;Ma, Luo, Chen, Su, & Yao, 2006;Murty, Sridhara Chary, Prabhakar, Prasada Raju, & Vairamani, 2009) the preferred methods. Depending of the complexity of matrix, some pretreatment steps such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) (Long et al, 2011;Zacharis, Kika, Tzanavaras, Rigas, & Kyranas, 2011), solid phase extraction (SPE) (Qi et al, 2011;Liu, Hei, He, & Li, 2011;Zhao, Zhao, Liu, & Zhang, 2010;Zheng, Wu, Feng, & Huang, 2011) or even MIP-SPE (Puoci, Garreffa, Iemma, Muzzalupo, Spizzirri, & Puoci, 2005;Baggiani et al, 2009) are necessary.…”

Highly sensitive and accurate screening of 40 dyes in soft drinks by liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

“…Various methods for the determination of dyes in foods have been reported, including capillary electrophoresis [6][7][8][9][10], thinlayer chromatography [11], ion-pair chromatography [12,13], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) or diode-array detector (DAD) detection [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. HPLC coupled with UV/Vis or DAD detection is the most commonly used technique because dyes absorb strongly at the ultraviolet and/or visible wavelength.…”

“…Besides, false positives caused by complex food matrices are frequently encountered [6,18]. To solve these problems, the selective detection by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been used [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] for it can provide detailed structural information. In the selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode, the specific MS transition (precursor ion → product ion) can exclude the presence of interference substances, improving the accuracy of the quantification.…”