Simultaneous Quantitative Assessment of Ochratoxin A, Patulin, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, and Bisphenol A in Fruit Drinks Using HPLC with Diode Array-Fluorimetric Detection

Abstract

The analysis of regulated contaminants in fruit drinks often requires suitable validated and rapid analytical methods for cost-effective food control, and is of considerable interest among the fruit beverage industry. This study demonstrated a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography approach for the simultaneous determination of ochratoxin A (OTA), patulin (PAT), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and bisphenol A (BPA) in various fruit drinks. The separations were achieved using a C18 core-shell column with both photo-diode array and fluorimetric detections connected in series. A gradient system consisting of methanol and 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 1.2 mL min−1, thermostated at 35 °C, provided fast elution with run time <9 min. Sample pretreatment was optimised to enable extraction of all analytes from fruit drink matrices. The optimised method was validated. Correlation coefficients of R > 0.99 were achieved with detection limits of 0.5 ng mL−1 (OTA), 1.1 ng mL−1 (PAT), 7.9 ng mL−1 (HMF), and 1.0 ng mL−1 (BPA). Recoveries ranged from 82% to 99%. Good relative standard deviations for intraday retention times (≤3.54%) and peak area (≤3.5%) were achieved. The developed multi-contaminants analysis method was successfully applied to determine OTA, PAT, HMF, and BPA in various fruit drinks.

Bisphenol A and Metabolites in Meat and Meat Products: Occurrence, Toxicity, and Recent Development in Analytical Methods

“…Gallart-Ayala, Moyano, and Galceran reported achieving efficient chromatographic separation of bisphenols (BPA, BPF, BPE, BPB, BPS) with a rapid analysis time (less than 3 min) by using a SPP C18 column [ 102 ]. Better chromatographic efficiency through the use of a SPP C18 column as compared to a FPP column for the analysis of BPA from fruit drinks has been also reported [ 103 ]. GC analysis, on the other hand, typically deploys a (5%-phenyl)-methylpolysiloxanecapillary column such as DB-5 or HP-5 with a length of 30 m, an internal diameter of 0.25mm and film thickness of 0.25 µm [ 9 , 14 ]…”

Detection, Contamination, Toxicity, and Prevention Methods of Ochratoxins: An Update Review

“…These techniques have also been used to detect ochratoxin in the serum of various people, including waste management workers Figure shows the overview of the detection of ochratoxin and other contaminants using HPLC from fruit juices (adapted from Hassan et al) Although both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and HPLC have been very effective in the detection of OTAs and are gold standards for their detection, HPLC has been observed to be more effective than ELISA at the detection of samples at lower concentrations …”

“…Overview of the detection of ochratoxin and other contaminants using HPLC from fruit juices (adapted from Hassan et al).…”

Current Strategies for Studying the Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Compounds in Food by Chromatographic Separation Techniques

“…Some studies demonstrate the important role of HPLC with UV, DAD, or FL detector as well as UHPLC-MS/MS in the study of patulin (mycotoxin) and related compounds in fruits e.g., mangoes, apples, grapes, oranges, and fruit products (juices and drinks) for children [52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. In this case C18 column and different usually binary mobile phases consisting, for example, of eluent A: 10 mM ammonium acetate in water and eluent B: 10 mM ammonium acetate in methanol [52] or acetonitrile-water [54] with gradient elution have been successfully applied.…”

“…In this case C18 column and different usually binary mobile phases consisting, for example, of eluent A: 10 mM ammonium acetate in water and eluent B: 10 mM ammonium acetate in methanol [52] or acetonitrile-water [54] with gradient elution have been successfully applied. These methods allowed determining patulin at different levels given in µg/mL or µg/kg [52][53][54][55][56][57][58].…”