Simultaneous multimaterial multimethod bioprinting

Abstract

Bioprinting is an important technology in the field of biofabrication that aims to create functional biomimetic structures. The flexibility, versatility and functionality of bioprinting enable the fabrication of intricate biological structures by combining cells, biomaterials or growth factors as printing bioinks [1,2]. Conventional bioprinting technologies now face challenges, including the contradiction between the overall mechanical stability and the biological microenvironment of the construct and the vascularization of the printed tissues/organs. People have come to realize that it is unrealistic to build fully functional tissues/organs with just a single material. The complex composition and diversity of native tissues/organs require more than what a single-material bioprinting technique can possibly deliver [3].

The application of 3D bioprinting in urological diseases

“…More sophisticated bioprinter could combine more than one printing technologies, like L-series bioprinter developed by MEDPRIN could be customized to contain extrusion-based printhead and melt electro-writing heads for more complicated structure fabrication. A hybrid fabrication platform developed by Yang's research group even combined the extrusion-based and inkjet-based printing together, which is flexible and suitable for a large range of bioinks, including natural biomaterials, synthetic biomaterials, cell aggregates or composites to simulate the complex composition of heterogeneous tissues [ 194 ]. Overall, bioprinters with relatively low cost commonly has less functions and low accuracy, which could be more suitable for simple structure fabrication and mass production.…”

3D Printing of Green and Renewable Polymeric Materials: Toward Greener Additive Manufacturing

“…While the UV-region is more efficient for photoinitiators, it also is more harmful to many cell lines. These considerations have led to the development of more complex deposition strategies, including photopheresis, magnetophoretic-droplet deposition, electrophoresis, and acoustophoresis are utilized to help with material alignment and, therefore, cellular alignment. − …”

Development of digital light processing-based multi-material bioprinting for fabrication of heterogeneous tissue constructs

“…4,5 LBB employs laser energy to pattern cells and fabricate 3D tissue constructs, and can be categorized into two submodalities which are based on vat photopolymerization and cell transfer. 6,7 Multi-material bioprinting using these techniques has been studied, and bioprinted constructs exhibited functional gradients in terms of mechanical, 8,9 chemical, 10,11 or biological properties, [12][13][14] due to the presence of multiple materials. In recent years, several new strategies for multi-material 3D printing using different processes have been reported.…”