Simultaneous measurement of unfrozen water content and hydraulic conductivity of partially frozen soil near 0 °C

Watanabe, Kunio; Osada, Yurie

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.08.002

Cited by 56 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Both in the summer and winter, the evaporation was higher at shallow WTDs than at deep WTDs, but otherwise did not differ between the seasons. Although the evaporation was very low during the freezing period, and the ice in the soil blocked the flow of liquid water (Watanabe & Osada, ; Yu et al, ), soil moisture accumulated in the topsoil layer in the form of ice. This was caused by both the gradient of pressure head and soil ice content (Hansson et al, ), leading to increased evaporation during thawing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comparison of cumulative evaporation in the summer (from July 1 to September 30, 2016) and winter (November 1, 2016, to March 14, 2017) is shown in (Watanabe & Osada, 2017;Yu et al, 2018), soil moisture accumulated in the topsoil layer in the form of ice. This was caused by both the gradient of pressure head and soil ice content (Hansson et al, 2004), leading to increased evaporation during thawing.…”

Section: Comparison Of Summer and Winter Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaporation from seasonally frozen bare and vegetated ground at various groundwater table depths in the Ordos Basin, Northwest China

Zhang

Wang

Gong

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

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In cold climates, the process of freezing–thawing significantly affects the ground surface heat balance and water balance. To better understand the mechanism of evaporation from seasonally frozen soils, we performed field experiments at different water table depths on vegetated and bare ground in a semiarid region in China. Soil moisture and temperature, air temperature, precipitation, and water table depths were measured over a 5‐month period (November 1, 2016, to March 14, 2017). The evaporation, which was calculated by a mass balance method, was high in the periods of thawing and low in the periods of freezing. Increased water table depth in the freezing period led to high soil moisture in the upper soil layer, whereas lower initial groundwater levels during freezing–thawing decreased the cumulative evaporation. The extent of evaporation from the bare ground was the same in summer as in winter. These results indicate that a noteworthy amount of evaporation from the bare ground is present during freezing–thawing. Finally, the roots of Salix psammophila could increase the soil temperature. This study presents an insight into the joint effects of soil moisture, temperature, ground vegetation, and water table depths on the evaporation from seasonally frozen soils. Furthermore, it also has important implications for water management in seasonally frozen areas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Summer and Winter Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation from seasonally frozen bare and vegetated ground at various groundwater table depths in the Ordos Basin, Northwest China

Zhang

Wang

Gong

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

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show abstract

“…When parameterizing the soil freezing function, often a residual or minimum water content limit is set (McKenzie et al, 2007; Shojae Ghias et al, 2018) that prevents the soil from freezing completely. Readers are directed to Watanabe and Osada (2016), Watanabe and Osada (2017), and Teng, Kou, Yan, Zhang, and Sheng (2020) for examples of laboratory measurements of different soils as well as Kurylyk and Watanabe (2013) and Amiri, Craig, and Kurylyk (2018) for a more detailed description of soil freezing curves. The Permeability Function determines the permeability based on the liquid water saturation. As the ice saturation increases (i.e., during freezing) and/or when the water saturation decreases due to draining, the permeability will decrease by up to several orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Governing Equations and Characteristic Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for cold‐regions groundwater numerical modeling

et al. 2020

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The impacts of ongoing climate warming on cold-regions hydrogeology and groundwater resources have created a need to develop groundwater models adapted to these environments. Although permafrost is considered relatively impermeable to groundwater flow, permafrost thaw may result in potential increases in surface water infiltration, groundwater recharge, and hydrogeologic connectivity that can impact northern water resources. To account for these feedbacks, groundwater models that include the dynamic effects of freezing and thawing on ground properties and thermal regimes have been recently developed. However, these models are more complex than traditional hydrogeology numerical models due to the inclusion of nonlinear freeze-thaw processes and complex thermal boundary conditions. As such, their use to date has been limited to a small community of modeling experts. This article aims to provide guidelines and tips on cold-regions groundwater modeling for those with previous modeling experience.

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“…In freezing soil, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity decreased with the unfrozen water content; this has been directly linked to negative soil temperature [30]. Soil profiles with lower negative temperature have less liquid water content and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity [31][32][33]. Although vapor diffusion flux through the evaporation front was influenced by the soil-water potential gradient and soil temperature gradient in the soil profile in P2, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity below the evaporation front continued to impact soil water movement [34][35][36].…”

Section: The Source Of Water Loss In the Sand-layered Soil Columnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of a Sand Interlayer on Soil Evaporation during the Seasonal Freeze–Thaw Period in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River

Xue

Feng

Chen

et al. 2020

Water

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Reducing soil evaporation in arid and semi-arid areas of the Yellow River Basin greatly benefits the efficient utilization of water resources in winter and spring, particularly during the seasonal freeze–thaw period. We conducted a field experiment in winter to understand the influences of different sand interlayers (depths of 5, 10, and 15 cm and particle sizes of 0.5–1.5 mm and 2.0–2.5 mm) on soil evaporation during the seasonal freeze–thaw period. The results show that the sand interlayer reduced soil evaporation during the seasonal freeze–thaw period. Decreasing the depth of the sand layer was more effective at reducing the evaporation than increasing the grain size. Soil evaporation reduced as the sand interlayer approached the surface. With constant particle size, total soil evaporation decreased by 40%, 20%, and 18% for sand interlayer depths of 5, 10, and 15 cm, respectively, compared to the homogeneous soil column. With a constant sand interlayer depth, the inhibition of soil evaporation for a particle size of 0.5–1.5 mm was clear. That is significant for improving the efficient utilization of water resources and sustainable development of agriculture in the Yellow River Basin.

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Simultaneous measurement of unfrozen water content and hydraulic conductivity of partially frozen soil near 0 °C

Cited by 56 publications

References 40 publications

Evaporation from seasonally frozen bare and vegetated ground at various groundwater table depths in the Ordos Basin, Northwest China

Evaporation from seasonally frozen bare and vegetated ground at various groundwater table depths in the Ordos Basin, Northwest China

Guidelines for cold‐regions groundwater numerical modeling

The Effect of a Sand Interlayer on Soil Evaporation during the Seasonal Freeze–Thaw Period in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River

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