Simultaneous measurement of nitric oxide, blood glucose, and monoamines in the hippocampus of diabetic rat: an in vivo microdialysis study

Kino, Mayuko; Yamato, Takako; Aomine, Masahiro

doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(03)00125-6

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Accumulation of DOPAC and HVA, metabolites of DA, was found to be decreased in STZ-treated diabetic rats (Trulson and Himmel 1983). Yamato et al (2004) and Kino et al (2004) reported that diabetes mellitus decreases the DA release from the hippocampus in both experimentally and spontaneously diabetic rats. Previous studies from our laboratory reported a decrease in plasma DA concentration, which indicates that diabetes causes an alteration in the overall dopaminergic function and activity (Shankar et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Enhanced Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptor Gene Expression in the Hippocampus of Hypoglycaemic and Diabetic Rats

2009

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Hypoglycaemic coma and brain injury are potential complications of insulin therapy. Hippocampal neurons are particularly vulnerable to hypoglycaemic stress leading to memory impairment. In the present article, we have investigated the dopamine (DA) content, homovanillic acid (HVA)/DA turnover ratio, DA D(1) and DA D(2) receptors in the hippocampus of insulin-induced hypoglycaemic (IIH) and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats where brain functions are impaired. The DA content decreased significantly in hippocampus of diabetic, diabetic +IIH and control +IIH rats compared to control. The HVA/DA turnover ratio also increased significantly in diabetic, diabetic +IIH and control +IIH rats compared to control. Scatchard analysis using [(3)H] DA in the hippocampus showed a significant increase in DA receptors of diabetic, diabetic +IIH and control +IIH rats with decreased affinity. Gene expression studies using Real-time PCR showed an increased expression of DA D(1) and DA D(2) receptors in the hippocampus of hypoglycaemic and diabetic rats. Our results indicate that the dopaminergic system is impaired in the hippocampus of hypoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic rats impairing DA related functions of hippocampus. We observed a prominent dopaminergic functional disturbance in the hypoglycaemic condition than in hyperglycaemia compared to control. This dopaminergic dysfunction in hippocampus during hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia is suggested to contribute to cognitive and memory deficits. This will have clinical significance in the treatment of diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Enhanced Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptor Gene Expression in the Hippocampus of Hypoglycaemic and Diabetic Rats

2009

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“…However; Ateş et al, (2007) reported that elevated NO levels were found in the cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord of STZ-induced rats. In contrast, Kino et al (2004) reported decreased NO levels in the hippocampus of STZ-induced rats. Heitzer et al (1999) has proposed that endothelial dysfunction in diabetes increases degradation of NO by oxygen-derived free radicals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on brain oxidative events in experimental diabetes

et al. 2009

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Increased oxidant stress plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of chronic complications of diabetes. This study aimed to examine the effects of ascorbic acid (vitamin C, AA) supplementation on the oxidant and antioxidant processes in the brain of diabetic rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: group 1 (control), group 2 (ascorbic acid, AA, vitamin C), group 3 (diabetes), and group 4 (diabetes ? AA). The rats were treated with a single dose of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) to induce diabetes. After 48 h, the rats whose fasting blood glucose levels exceeded 200 mg/100 mL were included in the diabetes groups. The rats in the AA and diabetes ? AA groups were treated with AA (20 mg/kg/day), administered intragastrically for 21 days. At the end of the experiment, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), AA, and total nitric oxide (NOx) levels in the liver tissues were determined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analyses. Whereas the MDA levels increased in the diabetes group, the NOx levels decreased. The NOx levels increased in the diabetes ? AA group compared with the control subjects. There were no significant differences in the diabetes ? AA group in terms of GSH levels.In conclusion, vitamin C or vitamin C preparations may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetic patients for maintenance of the brain cells against oxidative damage.

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“…Some of them demonstrated that the deficit of SP and CGRP in streptozotocin‐induced diabetes was prevented completely in different tissues ( Diemel et al, 1992 ; Markle and Walker, 1996 ) , while the others documented no alterations in the enteric SP IR nerve elements ( Burnstock et al, 1988 ; Belai et al, 1996 ) where the CGRP immunoreactivity was increased after insulin administration. It has also been demonstrated that insulin stimulates other neurotransmitter synthesis in different regions of the central nervous system ( McCaleb et al, 1979 ; Schubert et al, 1980 ; Kwok and Juorio, 1987 ; Kino et al, 2004 ) . The exact role of insulin in the regulation of the activity of the nerve elements is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity of the different neuropeptide‐containing nerve fibres in the tongue of the diabetic rat

Batbayar

Zelles²,

Vér

et al. 2004

J Peripheral Nervous Sys

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Common oral complications of diabetes mellitus are xerostomia, impairment of taste, atrophic lesions of the tongue, leukoplakia, lichen oris planus, and tumours, which might be the consequence of chronic inflammation and changes in innervation. In this work, we examined the density of different neuropeptide-containing nerve fibres immunohisto- and immunocytochemically in the root of the control and diabetic rat's tongue. Quantitative analysis showed that the number of immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibres was decreased after 1 week of the streptozotocin treatment, which was prevented by immediate insulin treatment. However, after 4 weeks duration of diabetes, the number of all investigated IR nerve fibres increased significantly (p<0.05), which was further enhanced by the delayed insulin treatment. The numbers of substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide IR perikarya were also increased by insulin treatment. The electron-microscopic investigations showed that some of the nerve terminals from diabetic animals were found in degeneration. After 4 weeks duration of diabetes, the number of inflammatory cells as well as the mast cell/nerve fibre contacts was also increased. The immunocells also showed IR for SP and neuropeptide Y in the diabetic rats. The insulin treatment decreased both the number and the immunoreactivity of these cells. The increased synthesis and/or regeneration of neuropeptide-containing nerves might indicate the plasticity of nerve fibres in diabetes mellitus, which might happen as a consequence of the changes in the level of neurotrophic factors released by increased number of inflammatory cells or as an effect of insulin.

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Simultaneous measurement of nitric oxide, blood glucose, and monoamines in the hippocampus of diabetic rat: an in vivo microdialysis study

Cited by 26 publications

References 51 publications

Enhanced Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptor Gene Expression in the Hippocampus of Hypoglycaemic and Diabetic Rats

Enhanced Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptor Gene Expression in the Hippocampus of Hypoglycaemic and Diabetic Rats

The effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on brain oxidative events in experimental diabetes

Plasticity of the different neuropeptide‐containing nerve fibres in the tongue of the diabetic rat

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