Simultaneous Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Polyurethane from Pentaerythritol–Modified Castor Oil and Polystyrene: Structure–Property Relationships

Abstract

Castor oil was transesterified with pentaerythritol thereby introducing reactive hydroxyl groups. The method of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization timeof-flight mass spectroscopy was used to determine the components of the castor oil pentaerythritol alcoholysis products. Simultaneous interpenetrating polymer networks of pentaerythritol modified castor oil and diphenyl-methane 4-4 0 diisocyanate polyurethane (P1-CO-PU) and polystyrene (PS) were synthesized using benzoyl peroxide as the initiator and divinyl benzene as the crosslinker. The effect of PU/PS composition on the morphology, miscibility and physical properties of the resulting IPNs was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, measurements of mechanical properties and resistance to chemical reagents. The patterns of the extent of the phase separation and the characteristics of the interpenetration reached as a function of the components were deduced.

Castor oil as a renewable resource for the chemical industry

“…Due to hydrogen atoms in the b-position relative to the hydroxyl groups, unsaturated compounds can be formed at elevated temperatures by elimination of water. The problem can be solved by replacing glycerol with other alcohols that do not contain b-hydrogen atoms, such as trimethylolpropane [115] or pentaerythritol [116,117]. For instance, pentaerythritolmodified castor oil was reacted with yucca starch-derived glycosides to generate a sequence of polyol glycosides, which subsequently were converted to PU by reaction with isophorone diisocynate [118].…”

Damping, thermal, and mechanical performances of a novel semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks based on polyimide/epoxy

“…From the picture, we can see that storage modulus of semi‐IPNs is bigger than that of pure PI‐1 at 30 °C. By incorporating EP network, the rigidity of s‐IPNs enhances compared to pure PI, which results in the higher storage modulus . From the curve of E ′– T of samples, it can be seen that the E ′ of samples drops drastically at the glass transition range.…”

Polyurethane elastomers-based modified castor oil and poly(ε-caprolactone) for surface-coating applications

“…After the material was cured in an oven heated to 90 C for 8 h, the samples were dried at 110 C for 24 h before use. 4 The molar compositions of the PUs are shown in Table 1. The PU polymerization scheme is depicted in Figure 1.…”