Castor oil as a renewable resource for the chemical industry

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(9) The aim of this study is to report cases of spontaneous poisoning of cattle by Ricinus communis (castor beans) in Paraíba, a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. The cases were observed in 2 herds on neighboring properties in 2013. Clinical signs developed within 6-24 h and consisted of weakness, tachycardia, dyspnea, profuse watery diarrhea, dehydration, depression, instability, cramps, permanent lateral recumbency and death within 48-72 h. Of the 60 cattle at risk, 19 were affected and 14 died. Five fully recovered after the course of 12 days. Three animals were necropsied. The main gross lesions were hemopericardium, hemothorax, pulmonary edema, petechial hemorrhages in the epicardium and endocardium, ecchymoses at the papillary muscles and suffusions on the intercostal muscles. Hemorrhages were also observed in the abdominal cavity, spleen and mucosa of the abomasum and small intestine. The rumen content was liquid with a large amount of castor bean seeds. There were circular, whitish and focally diffuse areas in the liver parenchyma. The main microscopic lesions consisted of multifocal coagulative myocardial necrosis with the presence of mononuclear cell infiltration and varying degrees of bleeding between cardiac muscle fibers. The abomasum and small intestine mucosae and submucosa had mild edema and mononuclear and polymorphonuclear inflammatory cell infiltration. The diagnosis of R. communis was based on the history of plant consumption, clinical signs, pathology of the disease and the presence of large amounts of castor bean seeds in the forestomachs.

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“…India, China and Brazil produce approximately 1 Mt of castor bean oil annually for biodiesel production (Mutlu & Meier 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous poisoning by Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) in cattle

et al. 2014

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“…[1] Especially castor oil is a very versatile renewable feedstock for all kinds of polymeric materials, including, e.g., polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, and many others. [2] One of the commercially available castor oil derived platform chemicals, 10-undecenoid acid 1, [2,3] was recently used to prepare polyamides X,20, [4] a variety of acyclic diene metathesis derived polyesters, [5][6][7] as well as different cross-linked materials, [8][9][10] thus demonstrating its broad range of application possibilities. Moreover, methyl 10-undecenoate 2 was shown to be a suitable starting material for the preparation of a,v-bisfunctional fatty acids for polycondensation polymers via cross-metathesis with methyl acrylate, [11] acrylonitrile, [12] and allyl chloride.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acid Derived Monomers and Related Polymers Via Thiol‐ene (Click) Additions

Türünç

Meier

2010

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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174

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Thiol‐ene additions of methyl 10‐undecenoate, a castor oil derived renewable platform chemical, were studied with the goal of preparing a set of renewable monomers. Good to excellent yields were obtained for these solvent and initiator free thiol‐ene additions. The resulting monomers were then polymerized using TBD as a catalyst, to linear as well as hyperbranched polyesters that also contain thio‐ether linkages. All thus prepared polymers were fully characterized (NMR, GPC, DSC, and TGA) and the results of these investigations will be discussed within this contribution. The thermal analysis of these polymers revealed melting points in the range from 50 to 71 °C. Moreover, no significant weight loss was observed below 300 °C.magnified image

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“…9 This has motivated a number of copolymerization approaches addressed to improve the basic properties of PBSeb. 10,11 Aromatic units have proven to be the most efficient in enhancing PBSeb properties but their use unavoidably involves a significant detriment to both renewability and biodegradability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copolyesters Made from 1,4-Butanediol, Sebacic Acid, andd-Glucose by Melt and Enzymatic Polycondensation

et al. 2015

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Biotechnologically accessible 1,4-butanediol and vegetal oil-based diethyl sebacate were copolymerized with bicyclic acetalized D-glucose derivatives (Glux) by polycondensation both in the melt at high temperature and in solution at mild temperature mediated by polymer-supported Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). Two series of random copolyesters (PB x Glux y Seb and PBSeb x Glux y ) were prepared differing in which D-glucose derivative (Glux diol or Glux diester) was used as comonomer. The three parent homopolyesters PBSeb, PBGlux and PGluxSeb were prepared as well. Both methods were found to be effective for polymerization although significant higher molecular weights were achieved by melt polycondensation. The thermal properties displayed by the copolyesters were largely dependent on composition and also on the functionality of the replacing Glux unit. The thermal stability of PBSeb was retained or even slightly increased after copolymerization with Glux whereas crystallinity and melting temperature were largely depressed. On the contrary, the glass-transition temperature noticeably increased with the content in Glux units. PGluxSeb distinguished in displaying both T g and T m higher than PBSeb because a different crystal structure is adopted by this homopolyester. The hydrolytic degradability of PBSeb in water was enhanced by copolymerization, in particular when biodegradation was assisted by lipases.2

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Castor oil as a renewable resource for the chemical industry

Cited by 635 publications

References 170 publications

Spontaneous poisoning by Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) in cattle

Spontaneous poisoning by Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) in cattle

Fatty Acid Derived Monomers and Related Polymers Via Thiol‐ene (Click) Additions

Copolyesters Made from 1,4-Butanediol, Sebacic Acid, andd-Glucose by Melt and Enzymatic Polycondensation

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