Simultaneous infection with Legionella pneumophila and Pittsburgh pneumonia agent

Muder, Robert R.; Yu, Victor L.; Vickers, Richard M.; Rihs, John D.; Shonnard, John W.

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(83)91018-5

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Legionnaires disease was associated with Mycoplasma pneumonia infection in a case reported by Oldenburger et al [23]. Several authors have also documented dual infection with L. pneumophila and L. micdadei [24]. Gump et al [5] provided the earliest reports of multiple-pathogen infections that involved legionnaires disease in patients with other associated serious diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legionnaires Disease with Bacteremic Coinfection

Tan

File

2002

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We describe 6 patients who had bacteremic community-acquired pneumonia and unsuspected Legionella pneumophila coinfection. We reviewed case records of patients who were diagnosed as having a recent Legionella infection on the basis of either the presence of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen in urine or a 4-fold increase in L. pneumophila antibody level and with a blood culture that yielded a bacterium other than L. pneumophila. Three patients were diagnosed with legionellosis on the basis of the presence of antigen in urine, and 3 were diagnosed on the basis of a 4-fold increase in antibody titer. Of these 6 patients, 4 were infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae, 1 with Streptococcus pyogenes, and 1 with Enterobacter cloacae. L. pneumophila infection in these patients may have predisposed them to concomitant bacteremia. Initial empiric antimicrobial therapy for patients who live in areas of endemicity and who are smokers should be treated with antimicrobial agents that have activity against pneumococcus and Legionella species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legionnaires Disease with Bacteremic Coinfection

Tan

File

2002

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“…Although numerous reports about sporadic and epidemic Legionella infections have been published in the past, there were only a few papers which demonstrated simultaneous infections by two Legionella species or serogroups. One recent report described the occurrence of a cluster of seven nosocomial cases due to L. pneumophila and Legionella micdadei (15). Additionally, two cases of simultaneous infections due to L. pneumophila and L. micdadei were described (6, 10) together with a case that revealed simultaneous infections with L. pneumophila serogroups 1 and 4 (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simultaneous infections with Legionella spp. have rarely been reported (6,10,14,15), though it was clear from environmental investigations that water sources, lakes, and ponds harbor different Legionella spp. which coexist in these aquatic habitats (1,9,13,18,20).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…which coexist in these aquatic habitats (1,9,13,18,20). Evidence for the existence of such simultaneous infections was reported mainly from earlier serological work (6,10,14,15). Such studies are difficult to perform because of the low frequency of cultural isolates and the fact that the cultural appearance of organisms rarely indicates the presence of one or more Legionella spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous infections with different serogroups of Legionella pneumophila investigated by routine methods and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

1988

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Simultaneous infections with different Legionella spp. have rarely been described in the literature. We now report on seven sporadic cases of legionellosis of which three were simultaneous infections caused by multiple Legionella pneumophila serogroups. Four different legionellae were involved. L. pneumophila serogroup 1, two different types of L. pneumophila serogroup 4, and L. pneumophila serogroup 10 have been identified simultaneously from a lung tissue specimen of one patient. Specimens from two other patients each revealed two different legionellae of serogroups 1 and 4. The existence of different L. pneumophila serogroups in simultaneous infections has not only been documented by identifying the incriminated Legionella spp. by classical methods. In addition, preliminary results of Legionella spp. identification with the novel physical procedure of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy have been presented to evaluate its possible applicability for routine diagnostic procedures.

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“…Mixed infections were relatively common (in 31 % or 11/36 patients) and associated with a 73% mortality. The associated infections included fungi and bacteria; additionally, concurrent infections with different serogroups of Legionella have been documented [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legionnaires' disease in patients with cancer

Nunnink

Gallagher

Yates

1986

Med. Pediatr. Oncol.

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A 4-year experience with Legionella pneumophila (LD) diagnosed in 36 patients with cancer was reviewed. Cancer patients represented 24% of the total population of patients acquiring LD during that time. Hematologic neoplasms (42%) and lung cancer (22%) accounted for the majority of afflicted patients. Nosocomial infections occurred in 42% of the patients evaluated. Several risk factors were assessed, and only neutropenia, and previous steroid therapy played a causal role (p less than .05) when assessed in a retrospective case control fashion. Overall mortality in oncology patients with LD (53%) was high and underscores the need rapidly to diagnose and treat this entity. This mortality decreased after 1977 when an effective antibiotic was utilized. Mixed infections also played a major role in outcome and occurred in 31% of the 36 patients studied. The mortality in these cancer patients was 73%, and this emphasizes the need to exclude and treat concomitant bacterial or fungal infections.

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Simultaneous infection with Legionella pneumophila and Pittsburgh pneumonia agent

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Legionnaires Disease with Bacteremic Coinfection

Legionnaires Disease with Bacteremic Coinfection

Simultaneous infections with different serogroups of Legionella pneumophila investigated by routine methods and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Legionnaires' disease in patients with cancer

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