Simultaneous in situ measurements of small-scale structures in
neutral, plasma, and atomic oxygen densities during WADIS
sounding rocket project

Strelnikov, Boris; Eberhart, Martin; Friedrich, Martin; Hedin, Jonas; Khaplanov, Mikhail; Baumgarten, Gerd; Williams, B. P.; Staszak, Tristan; Asmus, Heiner; Strelnikova, Irina; Latteck, R.; Grygalashvyly, M.; Lübken, Franz‐Josef; Höffner, J.; Wörl, Raimund; Gumbel, J.; Löhle, Stefan; Fasoulas, Stefanos; Rapp, Markus; Barjatya, Aroh; Taylor, Michael J.; Pautet, P. D.

doi:10.5194/acp-2018-1043

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, the amplitude of the signals is damped and the absolute value of the density is not resolved correctly. The analysis of the frequency content of the signals nevertheless allows for valuable conclusions on the interaction of atmospheric turbulence and atomic oxygen, which is detailed in a companion paper (Strelnikov et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) is a region of Earth's atmosphere governed by a complex interplay of numerous fundamental processes that affect the energy budget at altitudes between 70 and 110 km. In addition to direct heating by the absorption of solar UV radiation, the contribution of chemical and dynamical processes is significant: a portion of the radiative energy is consumed in photolysis reactions whereby mainly molecular oxygen is dissociated (Strobel, 1978). Upon recombination, the oxygen atoms release the stored chemical energy that is eventually converted to heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While this paper focuses on the technical aspects of the FIPEX measurements, it is accompanied by two publications that deal with the interpretation of the results in the atmospheric-physical context: a paper by Strelnikov et al analyzes waves and turbulence in the rocket data of neutrals, ions, electrons and atomic oxygen (Strelnikov et al, 2019), and a paper by Grygalashvyly et al examines the excitation mechanism of O 2 based on the simultaneous measurement of atomic oxygen by both FIPEX and photometers (Grygalashvyly et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atomic oxygen number densities in the mesosphere–lower thermosphere region measured by solid electrolyte sensors on WADIS-2

Eberhart¹,

Löhle²,

Strelnikov³

et al. 2019

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. Absolute profiles of atomic oxygen number densities with high vertical resolution have been determined in the mesosphere–lower thermosphere (MLT) region from in situ measurements by several rocket-borne solid electrolyte sensors. The amperometric sensors were operated in both controlled and uncontrolled modes and with various orientations on the foredeck and aft deck of the payload. Calibration was based on mass spectrometry in a molecular beam containing atomic oxygen produced in a microwave discharge. The sensor signal is proportional to the number flux onto the electrodes, and the mass flow rate in the molecular beam was additionally measured to derive this quantity from the spectrometer reading. Numerical simulations provided aerodynamic correction factors to derive the atmospheric number density of atomic oxygen from the sensor data. The flight results indicate a preferable orientation of the electrode surface perpendicular to the rocket axis. While unstable during the upleg, the density profiles measured by these sensors show an excellent agreement with the atmospheric models and photometer results during the downleg of the trajectory. The high spatial resolution of the measurements allows for the identification of small-scale variations in the atomic oxygen concentration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atomic oxygen number densities in the mesosphere–lower thermosphere region measured by solid electrolyte sensors on WADIS-2

Eberhart¹,

Löhle²,

Strelnikov³

et al. 2019

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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“…(2013) (F13), and Strelnikov et al. (2019) (S19). The straight red dashed line is a ( H ′, β ) best fit to the rocket profile of December 4, 2010.…”

Section: Comparisons With Others and Electron Number Densitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quiet Night Arctic Ionospheric D Region Characteristics

et al. 2021

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The lowest region of the Earth's ionosphere (containing free electrons) is the D region with its lower edge at heights generally around 70 km by day and 85 km by night. These heights are too low for satellite measurements (too much drag) and too high for aircraft or balloons. Rocket measurements (e.g., Friedrich & Torkar, 2001;Friedrich et al., 2018) have proved very useful but tend to be too transient and expensive to fully explore the significant diurnal, seasonal, and latitudinal variations around the Earth. Ground-based, high frequency radars (e.g., Singer et al., 2011) have also proved useful when available but are quite rare and are very limited in their geographical coverage. In contrast, very low frequency (VLF) radio waves, particularly from single-frequency, ground-based, man-made transmitters, have good geographical coverage and very good (often continuous) diurnal and seasonal coverage. These waves readily partially reflect from the lower edge of the D region with the resulting amplitude and phase changes being rather sensitive to its height and sharpness. The VLF waves also reflect very well from the Earth's surface, particularly the conducting oceans, enabling them to travel up to large distances (thousands of km) in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide bounded above by the D region.VLF radio subionospheric propagation has been used to refine our knowledge of the daytime D region by taking amplitude and phase measurements along radio paths both near (∼100 km from) the transmitter, where the direct ground wave signal dominates, and at greater distances (from ∼300 km up to several thousand km away) where the waves reflected from the D region dominate. The resulting phase and amplitude changes along the paths were then compared with calculations from VLF subionospheric modeling codes enabling the latitude-dependent characteristics (height and sharpness) of the daytime D region to be inferred, e.g., Thomson (2010) and Thomson et al. (2012Thomson et al. ( , 2014 at low latitudes, Thomson et al. ( , 2017 at midlatitudes, and Thomson et al. (2018) at high latitudes in the Arctic. The current study builds on these earlier studies to examine the nighttime Arctic D region.Diurnal VLF radio propagation recordings have been used to find the characteristics of the nighttime D region of the ionosphere at lower latitudes on a variety of long paths by comparing the observed changes in phase and amplitude between day and night with calculations from VLF propagation codes (Thomson & McRae, 2009;Thomson et al., 2007). For these comparisons the daytime results of Thomson (1993) and McRae and Thomson (2000) were used. In the present paper, we again use single-frequency, diurnal

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“…The 4 min raw data were analyzed for echo power and Doppler shift applying the Doppler-Beam-Swinging method (DBS, Woodman and Guillen, 1974) to derive the horizontal and vertical wind field. The minimum temporal wind resolution corresponds to the experiment length, however, more reliable and typically used are 12 min.…”

Section: Saura Mf Radar: Experiments Configuration Data Analysis and mentioning

confidence: 99%

D region observations by VHF and HF radars during a rocket campaign at Andøya dedicated to investigations of PMWE

2019

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Abstract. In April 2018 the PMWE1 sounding rocket campaign was conducted at the Andøya Space Center involving coordinated measurements with rockets and ground instruments to measure parameters relevant for testing of the existing theories of polar mesospheric winter echo (PMWE) formation. The Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System (MAARSY) was operated to detect PMWE with multiple beam directions to detect favorable launch conditions. A dedicated experiment configuration with five different beam positions was used to point the radar beam along the planned trajectory of the payload. This special radar experiment allowed to obtain basic information about the spatial structure of the PMWE and its dynamical behavior around the flight of the two rockets. PMWE with signal strengths between 10−17 and 10−15 m−1 have been observed by MAARSY during the whole campaign period, starting with a moderate occurrence at the beginning which decreased towards the end of the campaign. Furthermore real common-volume observations by rocket instruments and radar soundings have been carried out at PMWE altitudes on up-leg and down-leg of the rocket flights. The Saura MF radar was operated during both flights probing the mesosphere with a multiple beam scan experiment to derive horizontal winds and electron density profiles. The obtained PMWE characteristics as signal strength and spectral width of the received radar signals as well as estimated horizontal winds and electron densities are presented with particular emphasis to the launch times of the sounding rockets.

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Simultaneous in situ measurements of small-scale structures in neutral, plasma, and atomic oxygen densities during WADIS sounding rocket project

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Atomic oxygen number densities in the mesosphere–lower thermosphere region measured by solid electrolyte sensors on WADIS-2

Atomic oxygen number densities in the mesosphere–lower thermosphere region measured by solid electrolyte sensors on WADIS-2

Quiet Night Arctic Ionospheric D Region Characteristics

D region observations by VHF and HF radars during a rocket campaign at Andøya dedicated to investigations of PMWE

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