Simultaneous formation of calcium oxalate (mono-, di-, and trihydrate) induced by potassium tartrate in gelatinous system

CoTiO3 via cobalt oxalate–TiO2 precursor. Synthesis and characterization

“…The strong band at 1300 cm −1 is assigned to symmetric υ(C\O). Two distinct peaks at 773 and 512 cm −1 are attributed to the out-of-plane bending mode of water and O\C\O in-plane bending mode of oxalate, respectively [30]. The band at 352 cm −1 can be assigned to υ (M \ O) .…”

Synthesis of calcium oxalate trihydrate: New data by vibrational spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction

“…COM and COD are major constituents of human urinary stones [5] and are found also in many organisms such as fungi, lichens, plants [6][7][8] and in rock weathering processes by lichens [9]. COT has been rarely found in urine and in kidney stones but it is considered as a possible precursor in their formation [10]. This justifies the fact that the few papers available in the literature on COT are found in the field of human pathology and they are devoted to the study of its crystallization mechanism in order to prevent kidney stone formation.…”

Calcium oxalate crystallization in the presence of amino acids, proteins and carboxylic acids

“…Moreover, it is known that proteins play an important role to change hydrate forms of calcium oxalate from monohydrate to dehydrate [12]. The formation of COD crystals has been reported to be an important in kidney stone formation [13]. COD crystals have a higher positive charge than COM crystals due to the fact that they display more calcium ions per unit of cell and therefore present more repulsive charges between crystals, which would in turn decrease the formation of aggregates [14].…”