“…On the other hand, PIV, as a nonintrusive measurement method, has been widely used for quantitative flow visualization and velocity measurement (Raffel et al, 2007;Adrian and Westerweel, 2011), including applications to oceanic and environmental flows (e.g., Bertuccioli et al, 1999;Doron et al, 2001;HornerDevine, 2006;Seol et al, 2007;Steinbuck et al, 2010). The PIV technique has been previously applied to measure flow velocities of turbulent buoyant plumes generated either thermally (e.g., Pham et al, 2005;Watanabe et al, 2005;Grafsrønningen et al, 2011) or with salinity contrast (Diez et al, 2005). However, all the measurements have been done for plumes in non-stratified fluids.…”