Simultaneous Femtosecond Laser Doping and Surface Texturing for Implanting Applications

Abstract

titanium surface to reinforce the osseointegration, and provides an antierosion and slow releasing mechanism for antibacterial agents.In this Communication, we report a femtosecond laser doping and surface texturing technology to simultaneously satisfy the above requirements. A thin silver layer was predeposited on the titanium surface and then femtosecond laser was adopted to ablate the composite surface. As a result, not only hierarchical surfaces, i.e., subwavelength nanofringes sitting on microprotrusions, were readily created, but also silver atoms were simultaneously doped beneath the titanium surface. This offers a unique antierosion and slow release mechanism for silvers as the antibacterial agent. The doping concentration is controllable by the seeded silver layer thickness. The effectiveness of the technology was proved by acid aging, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity experiments.Illustrated in Figure 1 is the schematic of antibacterial action and cell adhesion on the femtosecond laser doped Ti (FsLD-Ti) compared with polished chemistry pure Ti (CP-Ti). Multilayer cells adhere between microprotrusions on the surface of FsLDTi. The silver ions released from FsLD-Ti are highly effective in inhibiting porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis ) bacteria strains infection. To fabricate the micro-nano hierarchical structures, 800 nm linearly polarized femtosecond laser, at width of 100 fs and repetition rate of 1 kHz, were focused on Ti implant with silver predeposited on, by a convex lens with focal length of 60 mm. Due to its small heat-affected zone, which was achieved by shorter pulse width than the thermal diffusion time, femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) could be used to fabricate nanometric structures. [24][25][26][27] Recent years, FsLDW has been widely used in fabricating micro/nano structures of a great quantity of materials including metals, ceramics, and polymers for application in optics, [ 28 ] lab on a chip (LoC) systems, [ 29,30 ] micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS), [ 31 ] sensing [ 32,33 ] and biomedicine. [ 34 ] For optimizing the experimental condition, we investigated the dependence of surface topography on the laser energy density. At lower laser energy density of F = 0.07 J cm −2

Surface Treatments and Functional Coatings for Biocompatibility Improvement and Bacterial Adhesion Reduction in Dental Implantology

“…Codoping dental implants with silver by femtosecond laser doping was proposed, obtaining good results [86]. Likewise, Silver-sourced plasma immersion ion implantation (Ag-PIII) was used to modify the surface of stainless steel [87].…”

Etching-assisted femtosecond laser modification of hard materials

“…The components of material also influence the use of etching solvent or gas and therefore influence the corresponding etching rate, which further affect the profile of fabricated structures. It has been widely demonstrated that the components of materials can be changed by femtosecond laser induced redox reactions and femtosecond laser doping process [58][59][60][61][62][63] , as shown in Fig. 3.…”

“…Figures 3(a) and 3(b) show the formation of Ag and Ag clusters inside silver containing zinc phosphate glasses by femtosecond laser irradiation. In addition, it has been demonstrated that semiconductors and metals could be oxidized by laser ablation in air 59,62,63 . Due to the difference of etching rate between silicon and silica, complex three-dimensional microstructures, even suspended microstructures, can be fabricated on these materials 63,64 .…”

Femtosecond Laser Generated Hierarchical Macropore/LIPSS Metasurfaces and Their Ultrabroadband Absorbance, Photothermal Properties, and Thermal-Induced Reflectance Oscillation

“…LIPSSs are the most unique nanostructures − achievable by ultrafast laser ablation at laser fluences no less than the material ablation thresholds. − Tuning LIPSSs’ periodicities, orientations, and surface chemistry allows a precise manipulation of the surface color and view-angle iridescence, which opens up the possibilities of LIPSS-based colorful imprinting . We recently discovered that LIPSS can act as a linear-to-circular polarizer to transform linearly polarized light into circular light to induce the formation of irregular triangular and rhombic LIPSSs among normal parallel LIPSSs .…”