Simultaneous extraction and determination of fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and sulfonamides antibiotics in soils using optimised solid phase extraction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of emerging contaminants from environmental samples

“…In some of these methods, it was necessary to combine SPE cartridges with different modes of action to provide cleaner extracts. As an example, in the determination of 18 antibiotics of three different groups (fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and sulfonamides), the clean up of soil extracts was carried out with two cartridges placed in tandem: a SAX (strong anion exchange) cartridge on top, to remove humic material; and, an Oasis HLB cartridge that retained the analytes [46]. To overcome matrix effects observed in determination of pharmaceuticals after UAE, the standard-addition method or use of isotopically-labeled internal standards was chosen, especially when sewage sludge was analyzed.…”

Methods for the separation, preconcentration, and determination of tetracycline antibiotics

“…Interest in the determina tion of tetracycline antibiotics and other antibiotics in water [28,72,[86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104], soils [105][106][107][108][109], wastewater and bottom sediments [28,[110][111][112], and manure [106,107,113,114] has quickened in the past decade. These substances and their metabolites are released into the environment in the form of complex mixtures by different ways, primarily, with effluent water from cattle breeding farms and wastewater from pharma ceutical plants and through untreated or purified municipal wastewater [115].…”

“…A watermethanol-acetone mixture (50 : 25 : 25) [95] and a mixture of citric acid with methanol (50 : 50) [107,112] served as extractants. The resulting extracts were additionally purified by SPE with the use of Oasis HLB [28,95,105,106,107,109,114], Lichrolute EN, and C18 [109] polymeric cartridges or by liquid-liq uid extraction with ethyl acetate [113]. For the removal of humic acids, the extracts were additionally cleaned on SAX [28,105,107,109] and Oasis MAX [106] anion exchange cartridges.…”

“…A trend in modern analyti cal chemistry is the development of the multicompo nent methods of analysis, which make it possible to identify and determine a maximally large number of analytes in one test sample [6,[8][9][10]. With the use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS, HPLC-MS-MS), tetracycline antibiotics together with other veterinary antibiotics and hor mones were determined in meat [41,43,44], fish [28,45,46,49], eggs [65], feed [46], water [28,90,92,95,96,98,99,101], and soils [28,95,107,109,110]. Let us consider some examples.…”

“…HPLC-MS-MS was used for the simultaneous determination of 26 veterinary antibiotics in different types of water with the limits of detection from 0.1 to 6.5 ng/L [96]. A procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination of tetracycline antibiot ics, fluoroquinolones, and sulfanilamides (18 com pounds) in soil based on a combination of solid phase extraction with HPLC-MS-MS [109].…”