Methods for the separation, preconcentration, and determination of tetracycline antibiotics

Abstract

The data published in the last five years concerning the determination of tetracycline antibiotics in different samples are generalized. Sample preparation procedures for real samples, including liquid extrac tion from solid matrices, pressurized liquid extraction, matrix solid phase dispersion, QuEChERS method, and solid phase extraction, are compared. The following important determination techniques are discussed: chromatographic, electrophoretic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical. The determination of the above anti biotics in food products, feed, environmental samples, pharmaceuticals, and biological fluids is exemplified.

A Critical Review of Properties and Analytical Methods for the Determination of Oxytetracyline in Biological and Pharmaceutical Matrices

“…Interest in the determination of TC antibiotics and other antibiotics in water, soils, wastewater, manure, and food products has quickened in the past decade (Udalova et al, 2015).Several studies in the literature report the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with different detectors for the analysis of OTC residues in food (milk, honey, meat, and eggs) and in the environmental samples (Dzomba et al,2015;Emiri et al, 2014;Olatunde et al, 2014;Grupta et al, 2014;Khossrokhavar et al, 2011;Prado and Machinski-J unior, 2011;Li et al, 2008;Biswas et al, 2007;Pena et al, 2005;Senyuv et al, 2000;Omija, 1991). However, the present study focused on performing a comprehensive review of the analytical methods used to determine OTC and/or its degradation products in pharmaceutical formulations and biological matrices.…”

“…OTC shows activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, spirochaetae, Leptospira, chlamydiae, mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, and protozoan parasites (Udalova et al, 2015;Chopra and Roberts, 2001). Due to pharmacokinetic parameters being not very favorable and resistance by certain bacterial strains, OTC has not been prescribed for the treatment of humans infections in different countries (Chopra and Roberts, 2001).…”

Correction of genetic instability of the genome by fractional irradiation of MDBK cells

“…The discovery of such effects of exposure of ionizing radiations as a decrease in sensitivity to them (adaptive response) or an increase in radiosensitivity dictates the need to study the mechanisms of formation of long-term effects of radiation exposure. A number of researchers consider, that the mechanisms of changing cellular radiosensitivity are closely related to the mechanisms of induction and realization of another irradiation effect -radio-induced instability of the genome, accompanied by an increase in the frequency of occurrence of chromosomal aberrations and gene mutations in subsequent generations, leading to increased cell death (Udalova et al, 2015).…”

Analytical procedure for the determination of tetracyclines in medicated feedingstuffs by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

“…Ethyl acetate, methanol mixtures of methanol with water or citric acid, citric acid with acetonitrile or formic acid, and phosphate buffer solution in the presence of trichloroacetic acid were used for the extraction of tetracycline antibiotics from feeds (23). The additional cleaning and preconcentration of the extracts are usually carried out by SPE with the use of an HLB, BondElut C18, or a Varian MP1 cartridges (14).…”