Simultaneous extraction and biotransformation process to obtain high bioactivity phenolic compounds from brazilian citrus residues

Abstract

Recent studies have pointed to a reduction in the incidence of some cancers, diabetes, and neuro-degenerative diseases as a result of human health benefits from flavanones. Currently, flavanones are obtained by chemical synthesis or extraction from plants, and these processes are only produced in the glycosylated form. An interesting environmentally friendly alternative that deserves attention regarding phenolic compound production is the simultaneous extraction and biotransformation of these molecules. Orange juice consumption has become a worldwide dietary habit and Brazil is the largest producer of orange juice in the world. Approximately half of the citrus fruit is discarded after the juice is processed, thus generating large amounts of residues (peel and pectinolytic material). Hence, finding an environmentally clean technique to extract natural products and bioactive compounds from different plant materials has presented a challenging task over the last decades. The aim of this study was to obtain phenolics from Brazilian citrus residues with high bioactivity, using simultaneous extraction (cellulase and pectinase) and biotransformation (tannase) by enzymatic process. The highest hesperetin, naringenin and ellagic acid production in the experiment were 120, 80, and 11,250 µg g(-1), respectively, at 5.0 U mL(-1) of cellulase and 7.0 U mL(-1) of tannase at 40°C and 200 rpm. Also, the development of this process generated an increase of 77% in the total antioxidant capacity. These results suggest that the bioprocess obtained innovative results where the simultaneous enzymatic and biotransformatic extracted flavanones from agro-industrial residues was achieved without the use of organic solvents. The methodology can therefore be considered a green technology.

Comparison of different Brazilian citrus by-products as source of natural antioxidants

“…This observation is consistent with our results, in which CJB exhibited higher antioxidant activity and higher TPC than CPB (Table 2). In addition, the ORAC and DPPH values in CJB were similar to those reported by Madeira Jr. and Macedo (2015) for citrus juice residues (Table 2).…”

“…All phenolic compounds were quantified using a Dionex UltiMate 3000 (Dreieich, Germany) liquid chromatography system, equipped with a C-18 Acclaim 120 column (Dionex, 3 lm, 4.6 9 150 mm) maintained at 30°C. The method was adapted by Madeira Jr. and Macedo (2015). The mobile phases were A, H 2 O (0.1% of formic acid); and B, Methanol (0.1% of formic acid).…”

“…Other important compounds found in citrus are hydroxybenzoic acids and methoxylated flavones, e.g. ellagic acid, tangeritin, and diosmetin (Madeira Jr. and Macedo, 2015). In general, citrus phenolic compounds are associated with many benefic health effects, such as antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, cancer prevention, inhibition of human platelet aggregation, and hypocholesterolemic effects (Khan et al, 2010;Nakajima et al, 2014).…”

Quantification of Flavonoids in Brazilian Orange Peels and Industrial Orange Juice Processing Wastes

“…There are several studies published on the HPLC analysis of citrus flavonoids [8] [23] [24] [25]. However, there are few reports on the HPLC analysis of citrus Brazilian fruit peels [10] [26].…”

Green and Sustainable Separation of Natural Products from Agro-Industrial Waste: Challenges, Potentialities, and Perspectives on Emerging Approaches

“…Other potential scalable approaches have been described, such as enzymatic [107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114], alkaline [115][116][117][118][119][120] and based on different types of aqueous media (e.g., cyclodextrins, montmorillonite K-10/LiOH, green liquor) [121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130]; ionic liquids [131][132][133][134][135], deep eutectic solvents [136][137][138], constituting alternative methods for the recovery of high added-value compounds from agro-industrial waste aiming at obtaining the best analytical, economical and socio-environmental compromise [139][140][141][142].…”