Quantification of Flavonoids in Brazilian Orange Peels and Industrial Orange Juice Processing Wastes

Abstract

The flavonoid content in orange peels of different Brazilian citrus varieties such as bahia, lima, lima-of-persian, morcote, pera, ponkan, seleta, cravo, kinkan and pomelo was assessed. Industry processing juice wastes such as bagasse, bagasse residues, animal feeding bagasse, pulp WEUE and CORE-wash were also analyzed. The HPLC analysis indicates that the most abundant flavonoids found in these Brazilian citrus peels are hesperidin and naringin. The solvents used are selective for flavonoid extraction, and depending on their polarity, glycoside or aglycone flavonoids are extracted. The use of multivariate analysis shows that DMSO is the best solvent to extract glycosides flavanones while hexane displays high selectivity in the extraction of polymethoxylated flavones. The flavonoids present in the orange wastes, obtained at different stages of the industrial processing, are qualitative and quantitatively different. The identification and quantification of the flavonoid composition in each Brazilian citrus variety were evaluated and allowed the selection of the best solvent for the extraction of each specific class of flavonoids. These compounds were found to be more abundant in the fruit peels than in their juices, revealing their great industrial potential. The residual portion of the processing juices is also rich in flavonoids, depending on the processing step.

Kumquat (Fortunella margarita): A Good Alternative for the Ingestion of Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds

“…[21]. Other studies have demonstrated the presence of flavonoids [22,23]. The concentration of total phenolic compounds in kumquat (98.55 ± 1.93 mg GAE•100 g −1 ) was much lower than the F. crassifolia collected in Taiwan, China (229 mg GAE•100 g −1 ) [8].…”

Efficacy and sustainability of natural products in COVID-19 treatment development: opportunities and challenges in using agro-industrial waste from Citrus and apple

“…Compounds such as baicalin, baicalein, naringenin, naringin, eugenol and methyl eugenol can be found in several other higher plants 86 , 91 . In addition, these compounds were also reported to be present in agro-industrial waste of Citrus 92 , 93 and apple pomace 94 , 95 .…”

Anticancer Activities of Hesperidin and Hesperetin In vivo and their Potentiality against Bladder Cancer

“…This is explainable since the most abundant Citrus flavonoid is hesperidin [53]. The orange hesperidin content is 28-42 mg/g of dry peel and 12-44 mg/g of waste from orange juice [54]. It is known that the beneficial effects of flavonoids are due to their anti-oxidant properties, which are a key role in fighting several degenerative diseases.…”