Simultaneous determination of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in environmental waters using alkaline persulfate digestion and ion chromatography

Borba, Brian M. De; Jack, Richard F.; Rohrer, Jeffrey S.; Wirt, Joan; Wang, Dongmei

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.027

Cited by 47 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Total N and organic C were analyzed on a Total N‐Total Organic Carbon Analyzer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) in the Weintraub laboratory at the University of Toledo. For analysis of total P, samples underwent an alkaline persulfate digestion in an autoclave at 120°C for 90 min to convert all P in the sample to inorganic PO 4 3− following De Borba et al (). As a digestion efficiency check, samples of a known concentration of organic P (0.5 ppm glycerophosphate) were digested along with field samples (De Borba et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For analysis of total P, samples underwent an alkaline persulfate digestion in an autoclave at 120°C for 90 min to convert all P in the sample to inorganic PO 4 3− following De Borba et al (). As a digestion efficiency check, samples of a known concentration of organic P (0.5 ppm glycerophosphate) were digested along with field samples (De Borba et al, ). Based on recovery from this digestion efficiency check, values for total P in samples were adjusted upward 4.9% (Doyle et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric Inputs of Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus across an Urban Area: Unaccounted Fluxes and Canopy Influences

2018

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Rates of atmospheric deposition are declining across the United States, yet urban areas remain hotspots of atmospheric deposition. While past studies show elevated rates of inorganic nitrogen (N) deposition in cities, less is known about atmospheric inputs of organic N, organic carbon (C), and organic and inorganic phosphorus (P), all of which can affect ecosystem processes, water quality, and air quality. Further, the effect of the tree canopy on amounts and forms of nutrients reaching urban ground surfaces is not well‐characterized. We measured growing season rates of total N, organic C, and total P in bulk atmospheric inputs, throughfall, and soil solution around the greater Boston area. We found that organic N constitutes a third of total N inputs, organic C inputs are comparable to rural inputs, and inorganic P inputs are 1.2 times higher than those in sewage effluent. Atmospheric inputs are enhanced two‐to‐eight times in late spring and are elevated beneath tree canopies, suggesting that trees augment atmospheric inputs to ground surfaces. Additionally, throughfall inputs may directly enter runoff when trees extend above impervious surfaces, as is the case with 26.1% of Boston's tree canopy. Our results indicate that the urban atmosphere is a significant source of elemental inputs that may impact urban ecosystems and efforts to improve water quality, particularly in terms of P. Further, as cities create policies encouraging tree planting to provide ecosystem services, locating trees above permeable surfaces to reduce runoff nutrient loads may be essential to managing urban biogeochemical cycling and water quality.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Inputs of Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus across an Urban Area: Unaccounted Fluxes and Canopy Influences

2018

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“…Ammonium was analyzed using an ammonium assay with ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer (DR2800, HACH, Loveland, CO, USA) at 670 nm [13]. Total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) in 15-mL water samples were determined by the Standard Methods 4500-N C Persulfate Method, and the 4500-P B Acid Persulfate Digestion Method, for water and wastewater, respectively [14–15]. The concentrations of Cl – , K + , and Na + were measured using 40-mL water samples with ion-specific electrodes (ISE) according to manufacturer instructions: Orion VERSA STAR No.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing nutrient uptake kinetics for efficient crop production during Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme Alef. growth in a closed indoor hydroponic system

Lee¹,

Rahman²,

Azam³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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A balanced nutrient supply is essential for the healthy growth of plants in hydroponic systems. However, the commonly used electrical conductivity (EC)-based nutrient control for plant cultivation can provide amounts of nutrients that are excessive or inadequate for proper plant growth. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of major and minor nutrient uptake in a nutrient solution during the growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme Alef.) in a closed hydroponic system. The concentrations of major and minor ions in the nutrient solution were determined by various analytical methods including inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), ion chromatography (IC), ion specific electrodes, and/or colorimetric methods. The concentrations of the individual nutrient ions were compared with changes in the EC. The EC of the nutrient solution varied according to the different growth stages of tomato plants. Variation in the concentrations of NO3−, SO42−, Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ was similar to the EC variation. However, in the cases of PO43−, Na+, Cl−, dissolved Fe and Mn, Cu2+, and Zn2+, variation did not correspond with that of EC. These ions were generally depleted (to 0 mg L−1) during tomato growth, suggesting that these specific ions should be monitored individually and their supply increased. Nutrient uptake rates of major ions increased gradually at different growth stages until harvest (from < 3 mg L−1 d−1 to > 15 mg L−1 d−1). Saturation indices determined by MINEQL+ simulation and a mineral precipitation experiment demonstrated the potential for amorphous calcium phosphate precipitation, which may facilitate the abiotic adsorptive removal of dissolved Fe, dissolved Mn, Cu2+, and Zn2+.

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“…Within these four methodologies, alkaline persulfate digestion remains the most mature and popular method for determination of TDN in natural waters [14][15][16][17]. This approach does not need expensive instruments, is easy to implement, and can be employed for simultaneous determination of total nitrogen and total phosphorus [18][19][20]. During the last 25 years, some published procedures using alkaline persulfate include batch mode [21] and flow analysis methods [22][23][24][25] with both thermal and UV radiation assisted digestion [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on Ozone-Based and UV/US-Assisted Synergistic Digestion Methods for the Determination of Total Dissolved Nitrogen in Waters

et al. 2020

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Over the past two decades, the alkaline persulfate oxidation (PO) with thermal and/or ultraviolet (UV) assisted digestion method has been widely used for digestion of nitrogen containing compounds (N-compounds) in water quality routine analysis in laboratory or on-line analysis, due to its simple principle, high conversion rate, high percent recovery, low-cost. However, this digestion method still has some inevitable problems such as complex operations, high contamination potential, batch N blanks, higher reaction temperature (120-124 • C) and time-consuming (30-60 min). In this study, ozone (O 3 ) was selected as the oxidant for digestion of N-compounds through analysis and comparison firstly. Secondly, we proposed and compared the UV and/or ultrasound (US) combined with ozone (UV/O 3 , US/O 3 and UV/US/O 3 ) synergistic digestion methods based on O 3 with sole O 3 oxidation method on digestion efficiency (digestion time and conversion rate) of standard N-compounds. Simultaneously, the influence of reaction temperature, pH of water sample, concentration of O 3 and mass flow rate, UV intensity, US frequency and power on digestion efficiency were investigated, and then the optimum parameters for digestion system were obtained. Experimental results indicated that UV radiation can effectively induce and promote the decomposition and photolysis of O 3 in water to generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH), while US can promote the diffusion and dissolution of O 3 in water and intensify the gas-liquid mass transfer process for the reaction system. Meanwhile, results showed that the UV/US/O 3 synergistic digestion method had the best digestion efficiency under the optimum conditions: water sample volume, 10 mL; pH of water sample, 11; O 3 mass flow rate, 3200 mg/h; reaction temperature, 30 • C; digestion time, 25 min; UV lamp power, 18 W; distance between UV lamp and reactor, 2 cm; US frequency, 20 kHz; US power, 75 W. The conversion rate (CR) of synthetic wastewater samples varied from 99.6% to 101.4% for total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in the range of 1.0~4.0 mg/L. The UV/US/O 3 synergistic digestion method would be an effective and potential alternative for digestion of N-compounds in water quality routine analysis in laboratory or on-line analysis.

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Simultaneous determination of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in environmental waters using alkaline persulfate digestion and ion chromatography

Cited by 47 publications

References 7 publications

Atmospheric Inputs of Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus across an Urban Area: Unaccounted Fluxes and Canopy Influences

Atmospheric Inputs of Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus across an Urban Area: Unaccounted Fluxes and Canopy Influences

Characterizing nutrient uptake kinetics for efficient crop production during Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme Alef. growth in a closed indoor hydroponic system

Investigations on Ozone-Based and UV/US-Assisted Synergistic Digestion Methods for the Determination of Total Dissolved Nitrogen in Waters

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