Simultaneous determination of seven penicillins in muscle, liver and kidney tissues from cattle and pigs by a multiresidue high-performance liquid chromatographic method

Determination of penicillin G and its degradation products in a penicillin production wastewater treatment plant and the receiving river

“…The samples were then analyzed with LC-ESI/MS after being filtered through 0.2-mm polyethersulfone syringe filters (Whatman, Puradisc, 25 AS, England) and added with PEN V as an internal standard (IS) at a concentration of 10 mg/L. PEN V is usually used as IS for determining b-lactam antibiotics in some analytical methods (Fagerquist et al, 2005;Sørensen et al, 1999), and it has been confirmed to be undetectable in all water samples of this study.…”

Multi residue determination of the penicillins regulated by the European Union, in bovine, porcine and chicken muscle, by LC–MS/MS

“…To develop an appropriate method for the determination of penicillins in beef, pig and chicken, we first studied several papers in the literature (Becker et al, 2004;Benito-Peña et al, 2006;Blasco et al, 2007;Carretero, Blasco, & Pico, 2008;De Baere et al, 2002;Gentili et al, 2005;Granelli & Branzell, 2007;Granelli, Elgerud, Lundström, Ohlsson, & Sjöberg, 2009;Holstege et al, 2002;Hsieh, Huang, & Lee, 2009;Ito et al, 2004;Kantiani, Farré, Sibum, et al, 2009;Marchetti et al, 2001;Mastovska & Lightfield, 2008;Moats & Romanowski, 1998;Moreno-Bondi et al, 2009;Msagati & Nindi, 2007;Riediker & Stadler, 2001;Samanidou et al, 2007;Sorensen, Snor, Elkaer, & Hansen, 1999;Stolker & Th. Brinkman, 2005;Yamada et al, 2006).…”

Development and validation of an HPLC method for the determination of penicillin antibiotics residues in bovine muscle according to the European Union Decision 2002/657/EC

“…Most of the sample preparation protocols involve extraction with an aqueous solution, an organic solvent or mixtures of them and further purification by SPE on C 18 silica-based sorbents [12, 13, 17, 18, 23 -26], on divinylbenzene-co-Nvinylpyrrolidone polymeric sorbents [22] or by ultrafiltration [28].…”

“…Deproteinization of the samples can be achieved by 5% Na 2 WO 4 and 0.33 N H 2 SO 4 [12,21,22], by 2% NaCl, 5% Na 2 WO 4 , and 0.17 M H 2 SO 4 [18], by Et 4 NCl [15,27], by ACN [16], by phosphate buffer (pH 8.5) and H 2 SO 4 [24] or 30% TCA [20]. Extraction of penicillins can be achieved by CH 2 Cl 2 , CH 3 CN, and hexane [29], H 2 O, CH 3 CN, and NaCl solution [26], 2% NaCl [17,26], HCOOH [30], ACN/H 2 O (30:70 v/v) [17,18,25,26], or by tert-butyl alcohol and water [15,16].…”