Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Mycotoxins in Swine, Poultry and Dairy Feeds Using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Nualkaw, Kraiwut; Poapolathep, Saranya; Zhang, Zhaowei; Zhang, Qi; Giorgi, Mario; Li, Peiwu; Logrieco, Antonio F.; Poapolathep, Amnart

doi:10.3390/toxins12040253

Cited by 20 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Second, the detection methods for these mycotoxins (including the case of multiple mycotoxins coexistence with different spp. of fungi) within dietary feeds and biological fluids, such as serum, urine, and milk, from animals [2,[22][23][24]. Third, not only feed management and control strategies for fungal infection but also the degradation approaches by physical, chemical enzymatic, and biological methods to prevent the harmful effects of mycotoxins for the animals [1,3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Application of Urinary Zearalenone Monitoring System for Feed Hygiene Management of a Japanese Black Cattle Breeding Herd—The Relationship between Monthly Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Serum Amyloid A Concentrations

Widodo

Etoh

Kokushi

et al. 2022

Toxins

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This study addresses an advantageous application of a urinary zearalenone (ZEN) monitoring system not only for surveillance of ZEN exposure at the production site of breeding cows but also for follow-up monitoring after improvement of feeds provided to the herd. As biomarkers of effect, serum levels of the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations were used. Based on the results of urinary ZEN measurement, two cows from one herd had urinary ZEN concentrations which were two orders of magnitude higher (ZEN: 1.34 mg/kg, sterigmatocystin (STC): 0.08 mg/kg in roughages) than the levels of all cows from three other herds (ZEN: not detected, STC: not detected in roughages). For the follow-up monitoring of the herd with positive ZEN and STC exposure, urine, blood, and roughage samples were collected from five cows monthly for one year. A monitoring series in the breeding cattle herd indicated that feed concentrations were not necessarily reflected in urinary concentrations; urinary monitoring assay by ELISA may be a simple and accurate method that reflects the exposure/absorption of ZEN. Additionally, although the ZEN exposure level appeared not to be critical compared with the Japanese ZEN limitation in dietary feeds, a negative regression trend between the ZEN and AMH concentrations was observed, indicating that only at extremely universal mycotoxin exposure levels, ZEN exposure may affect the number of antral follicles in cattle. A negative regression trend between the ZEN and SAA concentrations could also be demonstrated, possibly indicating the innate immune suppression caused by low-level chronic ZEN exposure. Finally, significant differences (p = 0.0487) in calving intervals between pre-ZEN monitoring (mean ± SEM: 439.0 ± 41.2) and post-ZEN monitoring (349.9 ± 6.9) periods were observed in the monitored five cows. These preliminary results indicate that the urinary ZEN monitoring system may be a useful practical tool not only for detecting contaminated herds under field conditions but also provides an initial look at the effects of long-term chronic ZEN/STC (or other co-existing mycotoxins) exposure on herd productivity and fertility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Application of Urinary Zearalenone Monitoring System for Feed Hygiene Management of a Japanese Black Cattle Breeding Herd—The Relationship between Monthly Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Serum Amyloid A Concentrations

Widodo

Etoh

Kokushi

et al. 2022

Toxins

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“…Aflatoxin B1, 3+15ADON (acetyl-deoxynivalenol), deoxynivalenol-DON, diacetoxyscirpenol-DAS, FB1, FB2, HT-2, NIV, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone (ZEA) were extracted from ground samples and quantified by UHPLC-MS/MS. The research methodology, separation chromatographs and internal standards for these mycotoxins have previously been published by Nualkaw et al [ 59 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocooperative Effect of Sphaerodes mycoparasitica Biocontrol and Crop Genotypes on FHB Mycotoxin Reduction in Bread and Durum Wheat Grains Intended for Human and Animal Consumption

et al. 2023

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The occurrence of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) mycotoxins in wheat grains is a major threat to global food safety and security. Humans and animals are continuously being exposed to Fusarium mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated derivatives 3ADON and 15ADON through the ingestion of contaminated food or grain-based diet. In this study, a host-specific mycoparasite biocontrol agent (BCA), Sphaerodes mycoparasitica, significantly reduced FHB mycotoxin occurrence in harvested wheat grains from Fusarium graminearum 3ADON chemotype infected plants in greenhouse. Four genotypes of wheat, two common wheat and two durum wheat cultivars with varying FHB resistance levels were used in this study. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) using Illumina ITS sequences depicted beta diversity changes in Fusarium species indicating that both plant cultivar and BCA treatments influenced the Fusarium species structure and mycotoxin occurrence in grains. Fusarium graminearum complex (cluster A), F. avenaceum and F. acuminatum (cluster B), and F. proliferatum (cluster C) variants were associated with different FHB mycotoxins based on LC-MS/MS analyses. The predominant FHB mycotoxins measured were DON and its acetylated derivatives 3ADON and 15ADON. The BCA reduced the occurrence of DON in grains of all four cultivars (common wheat: 1000–30,000 µg·kg−1.; durum wheat: 600–1000 µg·kg−1) to levels below the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) of 16 µg·kg−1. A relatively higher concentration of DON was detected in the two common wheat genotypes when compared to the durum wheat genotype; however, the percentage reduction in the wheat genotypes was greater, reaching up to 99% with some S. mycoparasitica treatments. Similarly, a higher reduction in DON was measured in susceptible genotypes than in resistant genotypes. This study’s findings underscore the potential of a Fusarium-specific S. mycoparasitica BCA as a safe and promising alternative that can be used in conjunction with other management practices to minimize FHB mycotoxins in cereal grain, food and feed intended for human and animal consumption.

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“…In food samples, fungal contamination is a common phenomenon; hence, it is the prime target for most of the work. Wang et al 235 and Nualkaw et al 236 have employed UPLC−MS for the detection of mycotoxins from animal feed like dairy product, poultry, and animal feed. Lee et al 184 reported the presence of okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1, dinophysistoxin-2, and dinophysistoxin-3 in raw as well as cooked mussels using LC−tandem mass spectrometry.…”

Section: Low Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In food samples, fungal contamination is a common phenomenon; hence, it is the prime target for most of the work. Wang et al and Nualkaw et al . have employed UPLC–MS for the detection of mycotoxins from animal feed like dairy product, poultry, and animal feed.…”

Section: Current Challenges and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Detection of Food Toxins Using Mass Spectrometry

Ahuja,

Singh,

Paul

et al. 2023

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Edibles are the only source of nutrients and energy for humans. However, ingredients of edibles have undergone many physicochemical changes during preparation and storage. Aging, hydrolysis, oxidation, and rancidity are some of the major changes that not only change the native flavor, texture, and taste of food but also destroy the nutritive value and jeopardize public health. The major reasons for the production of harmful metabolites, chemicals, and toxins are poor processing, inappropriate storage, and microbial spoilage, which are lethal to consumers. In addition, the emergence of new pollutants has intensified the need for advanced and rapid food analysis techniques to detect such toxins. The issue with the detection of toxins in food samples is the nonvolatile nature and absence of detectable chromophores; hence, normal conventional techniques need additional derivatization. Mass spectrometry (MS) offers high sensitivity, selectivity, and capability to handle complex mixtures, making it an ideal analytical technique for the identification and quantification of food toxins. Recent technological advancements, such as high-resolution MS and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), have significantly improved sensitivity, enabling the detection of food toxins at ultralow levels. Moreover, the emergence of ambient ionization techniques has facilitated rapid in situ analysis of samples with lower time and resources. Despite numerous advantages, the widespread adoption of MS in routine food safety monitoring faces certain challenges such as instrument cost, complexity, data analysis, and standardization of methods. Nevertheless, the continuous advancements in MS-technology and its integration with complementary techniques hold promising prospects for revolutionizing food safety monitoring. This review discusses the application of MS in detecting various food toxins including mycotoxins, marine biotoxins, and plant-derived toxins. It also explores the implementation of untargeted approaches, such as metabolomics and proteomics, for the discovery of novel and emerging food toxins, enhancing our understanding of potential hazards in the food supply chain.

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Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Mycotoxins in Swine, Poultry and Dairy Feeds Using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

Practical Application of Urinary Zearalenone Monitoring System for Feed Hygiene Management of a Japanese Black Cattle Breeding Herd—The Relationship between Monthly Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Serum Amyloid A Concentrations

Practical Application of Urinary Zearalenone Monitoring System for Feed Hygiene Management of a Japanese Black Cattle Breeding Herd—The Relationship between Monthly Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Serum Amyloid A Concentrations

Protocooperative Effect of Sphaerodes mycoparasitica Biocontrol and Crop Genotypes on FHB Mycotoxin Reduction in Bread and Durum Wheat Grains Intended for Human and Animal Consumption

Recent Advances in the Detection of Food Toxins Using Mass Spectrometry

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