Simultaneous determination of four trace estrogens in feces, leachate, tap and groundwater using solid–liquid extraction/auto solid‐phase extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

Abstract

A simple and selective high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with fluorescence detection was developed for the simultaneous measurement of trace levels of four estrogens (estrone, estradiol, estriol and 17α-ethynyl estradiol) in environmental matrices. For feces samples, solid-liquid extraction was applied with a 1:1 v/v mixture of acetonitrile and ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent. For liquid samples (e.g., leachate and groundwater), hydrophobic/lipophilic balanced automated solid-phase extraction disks were selected due to their high recoveries compared to conventional C18 disks. Chromatographic separations were performed on a reversed-phase C18 column gradient-eluted with a 45:55 v/v mixture of acetonitrile and water. The detection limits were down to 1.1 × 10(-2) (estrone), 4.11 × 10(-4) (estradiol), 5.2 × 10(-3) (estriol) and 7.18 × 10(-3) μg/L (17α-ethynyl estradiol) at excitation/emission wavelengths of 288/310 nm, with recoveries in the range of 96.9 ± 3.2-105.4 ± 3.2% (n = 3). The method was successfully applied to determine estrogens in feces and water samples collected at livestock farms and a major river in Northeast China. We observed relatively high abundance and widespread distribution of all four estrogens in our sample collections, implying the urgency for a comprehensive and intricate investigation of estrogenic fate and contamination in our researched area.

Determination of trace levels of triazines in corn matrices by bar adsorptive microextraction with a molecularly imprinted polymer

“…Table presents the comparison between the method proposed in the present work and some other sorption‐based microextraction methods for triazines determination in different matrices . It can be observed that the method proposed herein present greater LOD, LOQ and can be used as an analytical alternative to monitor triazines at trace level in complex matrices.…”

“…SPE , SPME , stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) , and microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) have become well‐established techniques for the extraction of many classes of pollutants or contaminants from several types of complex matrices . More recently, a novel static microextraction technique, bar adsorptive microextraction (BAμE), was introduced .…”

Escritório De Projetos De Inovação

“…Visando a saúde da população, métodos inovadores vêm sendo estudados na busca da maior eficiência e confiabilidade na remoção de desreguladores endócrinos, para que a água tratada possa ser distribuída à população sem maiores preocupações (MANDA et al, 2014;YANG et al, 2015b;JIANG et al, 2016). HEFFRON et al, 2016;KUCH et al, 2001;LIU et al, 2015;RODRIGUEZ-MOZAZ et al, 2004.…”

Syringe cleanup with UHPLC–MS/MS for nitroimidazoles and steroids detection in manure‐based fertilizers

“…The detection of nitroimidazoles in manure‐based fertilizers has not been previously reported. The main methods for steroid extraction from manure are ultrasonic extraction , vortex‐assisted extraction , accelerated solvent extraction , and MAE . The most commonly used purification methods are SPE and the QuEChERS method .…”