Simultaneous Determination of Ethyl Carbamate and Urea in Alcoholic Beverages by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Fluorescence Detection

Zhang, Jian; Liu, Guoxin; Zhang, Ying; Gao, Qiang; Wang, Depei; Liu, Hao

doi:10.1021/jf405400y

Cited by 45 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The same exposure risk assessment approach adopted for the samples under study was used to verify if the levels of these compounds reported in the literature would pose a risk to consumers' health. In still wines, EC was reported, for example, in samples from China (13.7µg L -1 ) (ZHANG et al 2014) and Portugal (54.1µg L -1 ) (PERESTRELO et al 2010),which exposure would result in MOE values of 4167 and 1042, respectively; and therefore, with health risk potential according to the threshold of World Health Organization (MOE<10,000) (WHO, 2010).…”

Section: Food Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure risk to carbonyl compounds and furfuryl alcohol through the consumption of sparkling wines

et al. 2019

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The goals of this study were to verify the occurrence of furfuryl alcohol (FA) and carbonyl compounds (acetaldehyde, acrolein, ethyl carbamate (EC), formaldehyde and furfural) in sparkling wines and to evaluate, for the first time, whether the consumption of the samples under study could represent risk to consumers health. These compounds are electrophilic; and therefore, may covalently bind to DNA, which may result in mutagenicity. EC and formaldehyde were present at low levels (<1μg L-1) in all samples. Acetaldehyde, furfural and acrolein were also found in low levels (<1.5, 1.4 and 1.0μg L-1, respectively) in 57, 71 and 76% of samples. In the other samples, levels of acetaldehyde, furfural and acrolein ranged from 5.2 to 54.8, 10.5 to 41.0 and 20.3 to 36.7μg L-1, respectively. Furfuryl alcohol was also reported in all samples in levels from 10.4 to 33.5μg L-1. Acrolein was the only compound reported at levels sufficient to represent risk to health, which occurred in 24% of the samples. A study focused on the origin of acrolein deserves attention, investigating the influence of the concentration of precursors and the role of fermentation in the formation of this aldehyde, besides the evaluation of possible environmental contamination of grapes during cultivation.

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Section: Food Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure risk to carbonyl compounds and furfuryl alcohol through the consumption of sparkling wines

et al. 2019

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“…The development of a simple, fast and sensitive analytical method for EC quantification is thus urgently needed. Currently, a number of instrumental approaches are available for the detection of EC, including gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS), [3][4][5][6] high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) tandem MS, 7 HPLC with fluorescence detection (FLD), [8][9][10][11][12] and solid phase microextraction tandem GC-MS. 13 Although these methods can accurately and sensitively detect EC at low concentrations, the requirement of a complex instrument and prolonged sample pretreatments have often limited their wide applications. Hence, the development of new approaches for fast and accurately determinations of EC are of great importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SERS-active Ag Nanostars Substrates for Sensitive Detection of Ethyl Carbamate in Wine

Zhao

Cui

et al. 2016

ANAL. SCI.

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A simple and sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method for the detection of ethyl carbamate (EC) is reported in this work. Star-shaped silver nanostars (Ag NSs) were used as a novel SERS substrate. In comparison to other plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs), including Au NPs, Au NSs and Ag NPs, Ag NSs exhibit best SERS activity. Raman signal of EC at a trace level can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude with the help of Ag NSs. The Raman intensity of EC increased linearly with an increase of the EC concentration in the range from 5 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) to 1.0 × 10(-4) mol L(-1) with detection limit (LOD) of 1.37 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) (S/N = 3). The developed SERS approach also has the advantages of being simple, fast and requiring less amount of the sample. It could serve as a useful technology for the rapid determination of EC in both alcoholic beverages and fermented food.

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“…A HILIC method for urea with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and mass spectrometry was applied to determine urea residue in tea . Zhang et al reported a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection for the simultaneous determination of ethyl carbamate and urea in alcoholic beverages . To determine simultaneously urea and ethyl carbamate without derivatization, reverse phase ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and tandem mass spectrometry method was studied by Lee et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Zhang et al reported a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection for the simultaneous determination of ethyl carbamate and urea in alcoholic beverages. 18 To determine simultaneously urea and ethyl carbamate without derivatization, reverse phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and tandem mass spectrometry method was studied by Lee et al 19 The determination of urea content based on the hydrolyzation of urea catalyzed by urease was first published in 1960 by Fawcett. 20 Ammonia and carbon dioxide, produced during the enzymatically catalyzed hydrolysis of urea, induce pH, ionic composition and temperature variations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking AdBlue properties during tests of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems ‐ the suitability of various analytical methods for urea content determination

Fojtíková

Kahoun

Boček³

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Reliability tests of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems are performed extensively in industry. The aim of this work was to track the AdBlue properties when testing SCR systems under enhanced temperatures (around 80 °C). To extend and improve the current practice in the automotive industry, HPLC and titration were chosen to develop and optimize appropriate analytical methods for urea content determination in various AdBlue samples. We showed that the testing (temperature loading) of SCR systems is associated with changes of the properties of AdBlue such as conductivity, alkalinity, density, urea content and absorbance. Our results demonstrate the unsuitability of refractometry as a method for tracking urea concentration in AdBlue during tests of SCR systems. HPLC and titration proved to be accurate and precise methods to determine urea in untreated as well as in treated AdBlue samples. Both analytical methods are not affected by matrix effects – accuracy ranged from 96.6% to 100.0% and precision ranged from 0.18% to 3.24%. We showed that the process of testing SCR system is associated with changes of properties of AdBlue such as conductivity, alkalinity, density, urea content and absorbance. Our results provide compelling evidence of the necessity to extend the list of possible methods to determine the urea content in AdBlue given by ISO 22241‐2 for the automotive industry. HPLC and titration were proved as accurate and precise methods for urea concentration determination.

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Simultaneous Determination of Ethyl Carbamate and Urea in Alcoholic Beverages by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Fluorescence Detection

Cited by 45 publications

References 28 publications

Exposure risk to carbonyl compounds and furfuryl alcohol through the consumption of sparkling wines

Exposure risk to carbonyl compounds and furfuryl alcohol through the consumption of sparkling wines

SERS-active Ag Nanostars Substrates for Sensitive Detection of Ethyl Carbamate in Wine

Tracking AdBlue properties during tests of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems ‐ the suitability of various analytical methods for urea content determination

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