Simultaneous Determination of Dopamine and Uric Acid using Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Almond-Shell-Based Nanoporous Carbon

Abstract

Almond-shell-based charcoal was prepared by carbonizing almond shells under nitrogen atmosphere. Nanoporous carbon (NPC) was formed using the obtained activated charcoal by using potassium hydroxide. NPC exhibited a large surface area (1075 m 2 /g), narrow pore-size distribution (1-2 nm). NPC with Nafion was used to modify glassy carbon electrodes to prepare a highly-sensitive electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) through differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The detection limits (S/N = 3) for DA and UA were estimated to be 0.22 and 0.34μM, respectively. The as prepared electrodes were also used to detect UA and DA in human urine. The experimental data indicated that this easy, low-cost method can facilitate accurate, fast and simultaneous detection of DA and UA.

Recent Advances in the Use of Biomass‐Derived Activated Carbon as an Electrode Material for Electroanalysis

“…Baikeli et al [107] have reported the synthesis of BAC by heating almonds at 600°C combined with KOH activation for 2 h, which produces a material with a large surface area (1075 m 2 g À 1 ) and narrow pore-size distribution (1-2 nm) (Figure 12(a,b)). A GCE modified with the nanoporous BAC (NPC) employing nafion polymer can be used for the sensitive Farahi et al [108] used BAC synthesized by Hammani et al [102] to prepare BAC-CPE for trace level determination of dopamine.…”

“…Baikeli et al [107] . have reported the synthesis of BAC by heating almonds at 600 °C combined with KOH activation for 2 h, which produces a material with a large surface area (1075 m 2 g −1 ) and narrow pore‐size distribution (1–2 nm) (Figure 12(a,b)).…”

3D Biomass‐Derived Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Biosensors

“…In recent years, as a member of the carbon family, BC, especially 3D-BC structures, has received increasing attention from researchers. Compared to other carbon-based electrode modification materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, BC is designed and obtained from natural biomaterials, which reduces the cost of sensor preparation and creates great economic [27,28,[37][38][39][40][41][42] The performance improvement diagrams of BC-based materials in b) DA, [16,24,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49] c) Pt 2+ , [38,41,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56] and d) H 2 O 2 [23][24][25]28,[57][58][59][60][61] in recent years. e) Comparison of the sensing performance of BC-based modified materials for DA, Pt 2+ , and AP.…”

Hollow Reticular Shaped Highly Ordered Rice Husk Carbon for the Simultaneous Determination of Dopamine and Uric Acid

“…Carbon based materials have often played a very important role in the WE modification process as electrocatalysts, due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high conductivity [11,18,[21][22][23][24]. The extraction of carbon materials from waste products has high potential, as it follows the green chemistry ideology of recycling and reusing the waste [25].…”