Simultaneous determination of 4-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, and 3,4-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid in human urine by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

Abstract

A simple and reliable method was established for simultaneous determination of 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, 4-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid, and 3,4-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Solid-phase extraction was used to eliminate the interferences in urine. The separation of three analytes was achieved using a C column and a mobile phase formed by a 95:5 v/v mixture of 50 mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer at pH 6.8 that contained 5 mmol/L tetrabutyl ammonium bromide and acetonitrile. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, 4-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid, and 3,4-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid were 4.8 × 10 , 8.80 × 10 , and 9.00 × 10 mg/L, respectively, and the recoveries were in the range of 85.0-120.0% with relative standard deviations of 1.5-3.1%. This method was used to analyze urine samples from breast cancer patients, healthy people and post-surgery breast cancer patients. Significant differences in urinary levels of 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid and 4-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid could be found between the breast cancer patients group and other two groups. No effect of age and sex was observed on the urinary levels of 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid and 4-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid. This method might be helpful for cancer biomarkers discovery in urine.

Metabolic perturbations prior to hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis: Findings from a prospective observational cohort study

“…Tyrosine levels are known to be altered in liver disease 53 while HPLA has demonstrated carcinogenic activity after long-term subcutaneous injection in mice, 54 and its urinary levels have been observed to be elevated in breast cancer patients. 55 Positive HCC-risk associations were also observed for isatin, L, L-cyclo(leucylprolyl), N1-acetylspermidine and sphingosine-although, very little is known about any physiological roles for these compounds in HCC development. Isatin is a biologically active endogenous metabolite with antioxidant and antiviral effects 56 -properties that may be considered as cancer protective rather than explanatory of our observed positive HCC-risk association.…”

Alter between gut bacteria and blood metabolites and the anti-tumor effects of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in breast cancer

“…Meta-analysis of urine samples from breast cancer and healthy controls by Zeng et al found that high vanillin, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 5hydroxyindoleacetic acid and urea were used as biomarkers for breast cancer [22]. Metabolomic analysis of urine samples also showed that high vanillin, 4hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and urea could be used as biomarkers for breast cancer [23].…”

A potential prognostic marker in primitive lung neuroendocrine tumor: A case report

“…Tyrosine is an amino acid that originates from the hydroxylation of phenylalanine, 7 precursor of various substances such as catecholamines, presenting a relationship with some types of cancer. [8][9][10] In particular, some studies report variations of pHPAA in hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer. [9][10] The guidelines for the diagnosis and follow-up of NETs indicate serum CgA, urinary 5-HIAA, and serum NSE determinations as the gold standard.…”

“…[8][9][10] In particular, some studies report variations of pHPAA in hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer. [9][10] The guidelines for the diagnosis and follow-up of NETs indicate serum CgA, urinary 5-HIAA, and serum NSE determinations as the gold standard. Previous retrospective preliminary data have reported increased levels of urinary pHPAA in NET patients.…”