Simultaneous Determination of 13 Constituents of Radix Polygoni Multiflori in Rat Plasma and Its Application in a Pharmacokinetic Study

Abstract

Radix Polygoni Multiflori (RPM) has been widely used to treat various diseases in Asian countries for many centuries. Although, stilbenes and anthraquinones, two major components of RPM, show various bioactive effects, it has been speculated that the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity induced by RPM may be related to these constituents. However, information on the pharmacokinetics of stilbenes and anthraquinones at a subtoxic dose of RPM is limited. A simple and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS bioanalytical method for the simultaneous determination of 13 ingredients of RPM, including chrysophanol, emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein, physcion, questin, citreorosein, questinol, 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside, torachrysone-8-O-glucoside, chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-glucoside, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, and physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside, in rat plasma was established. Acetonitrile was employed to precipitate the plasma with appropriate sensitivity and acceptable matrix effects. Chromatographic separation was performed using a waters HSS C18 column with a gradient elution using water and acetonitrile both containing 0.025% formic acid within a run time of 9 min. e constituents were detected in negative ionization mode using multiple reaction monitoring. e method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effects, and stability. e lower limit of quantitation of the analytes was 0.1-1 ng/mL. e intrabatch and interbatch accuracies were 87.1-109%, and the precision was within the acceptable limits. e method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of RPM extract to rats at a subtoxic dose of 36 g/kg.

Plants-Derived Biomolecules as Potent Antiviral Phytomedicines: New Insights on Ethnobotanical Evidences against Coronaviruses

“…Radix Polygoni multiflori (root tubers of PMT) is mostly used in treating many kinds of diseases, such as rubella, scrofula, waist and knee pain, paralysis, vaginal discharge, hypercholesterolemia (liver and kidney), malaria, and various other diseases, possessing neuro-protective, antioxidation, immunomodulation, anti-hyperlipidemia, anticancer, heap-toprotection, anti-inflammation, and anti-CoV functions [ 86 , 87 , 246 ]. The potent bioactive compounds present in PMT which are responsible for the therapeutic effects against various diseases are listed in Table 1 [ 84 , 85 , 88 , 247 ]. However, Ho et al found that emodin is the most effective compound against SARS-CoV-1.…”

Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Emodin: As an Anti-Cardiovascular Disease Drug

“…Even at higher doses (82.4 mg/kg), the levels of emodin detected in vivo remained very low. The appearance of glucuronidation metabolism and oxidative conversion into rhein may be the main reasons for the extremely poor oral bioavailability of emodin (Liu et al, 2012;Li et al, 2017;Cheng et al, 2020). Li et al (2019) revealed that the absorption of emodin was faster, and the effect was rapider when used in combination with aloeemodin, rhein, chrysophanol, or physcion.…”

Overview of Pharmacokinetics and Liver Toxicities of Radix Polygoni Multiflori

“…With the doses decreasing from 40 g/kg to 10 g/kg and 20 g/kg, oxyresveratrol and rhein became undetectable in plasma [ 25 ]. The pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that the absorption and elimination of these major components were generally fast with time to maximum plasma concentration (T max ) less than 2 h for TSG, emodin, and physcion, and half-lives of these three compounds ranged from 0.18 to 8.37 h after a single dose of RPM extracts orally administrated to SD rats [ 25 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Since the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and peak concentration (C max ) of TSG and emodin increased linearly along with the dose of RPM extract increasing from 10 g/kg (TSG: 327.9 mg/kg, emodin: 5.6 mg/kg) to 40 g/kg (TSG: 1312.0 mg/kg, emodin: 22.3 mg/kg), linear pharmacokinetics of TSG, and after single oral administration of RPM extracts in rats, were suggested [ 25 ].…”