Simultaneous detection of superoxide anion radicals and determination of the superoxide scavenging activity of antioxidants using a N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylene diamine/Nafion colorimetric sensor

Abstract

A novel colorimetric DMPD assay was developed for superoxide radicals generated by the NADH/PMS/O2 system, and compared with conventional NBT assay.

Enhanced Removal of Free Radicals by Aqueous Hydrogen Nanobubbles and Their Role in Oxidative Stress

“…The in vivo O 2 •– assay was based on nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT, Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.), a yellow, water-soluble, nitrosubstituted aromatic tetrazolium salt. The NBT test is a straightforward but efficient technique to quantify the intracellular O 2 •– content . NBT could interact with intracellular superoxide to create blue formazan, which was subsequently measured spectrophotometrically .…”

“…•− content. 24 NBT could interact with intracellular superoxide to create blue formazan, which was subsequently measured spectrophotometrically. 25 The amount of blue formazan generated was directly proportional to the O 2…”

A Hemicyanine‐Embedded Diphenylselenide‐Containing Probe “HemiSe” in which SePh2 Stays Reduced for Selective Detection of Superoxide in Living Cells

“…[6] Thee xcessive amounts of O 2 C À could lead to oxidative damageo favariety of essential biomolecules such as variousp roteins, DNA, or array lead to cell apoptosis. [15,16] To date, there have been aw ide array of analyticalm ethods and approaches which have been developed for the detection of O 2 C À .The methodsi nclude mass spectrometry (MS), [17] colorimetric, [18] electrochemical analysis, [19] high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), [20] and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). [14] Therefore, it is very important to develop useful methodst hat address high sensitivity and good selectivity for the detection of e.g.,O 2 C À in living biological samples.…”

“…To date, there have been a wide array of analytical methods and approaches which have been developed for the detection of O 2 .− . The methods include mass spectrometry (MS), colorimetric, electrochemical analysis, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) . However, these methods are hindered by certain disadvantages.…”

Two-Photon Fluorescence Probe for Selective Monitoring of Superoxide in Live Cells and Tissues

“…Over the past couple of decades, several technologies have been applied to monitor generation and level of O 2 •– , such as electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), electrochemical determination, and chromatography. − However, these traditional methods had their own disadvantages such as time consumption, complicated sample pretreatment, and expensive instrument cost. Moreover, the reported methods exhibited difficulties in application to real-time detection in living systems.…”