Enhanced Removal of Free Radicals by Aqueous Hydrogen Nanobubbles and Their Role in Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Elevated levels of reactive oxygen radicals caused by environmental stress are the key triggers of inflammation, aging, and disease; thus, it is critical to develop novel reactive oxygen radical scavenging methods with high efficiency and low toxicity. As a result of their selective reactive oxygen radical removal, hydrogen molecules are strong candidates, but their application is limited by the small hydrogen supply and short duration of action. In this study, we for the first time combined nanobubble (NB) technology and hydrogen water to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) using copper ions as a representative environmental pollutant and Tetrahymena thermophila as a model organism. Hydrogen NBs displayed a remarkable capability of removing H 2 O 2 and O 2•− at molar ratios of 8:1 and 240:1, respectively, which were unable to be removed by dissolved hydrogen molecules only. During the oxidative defense phase, hydrogen NB water either directly removed ROS or increased the activity and relative expression of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). During the oxidative inhibition phase, hydrogen NB water exerted antioxidant effects mainly by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and GSH-Px as well as the expression of the corresponding genes. Our results provide an important theoretical support for the wide application of hydrogen NBs in empowering the antioxidant defense system.

Hydrogen Nanobubbles Generated In Situ from Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron with Water to Further Enhance Selenite Sequestration

“…Because of their long lifetime, HNBs can exist stably in solution and participate in many reaction processes. F normale 0 + 2 H 2 O → F normale 2 + + 2 O H − + H 2 false↑ H 2 ↔ H N B s The effect of HNBs on the removal of Se(IV): The above results indicate that HNBs can promote the removal of Se(IV) by nZVI to a certain extent, possibly because they enhance the reducibility of the system. There is literature to point out the generation of • H in HNB water can effectively compete with other highly reactive substances in organisms, allowing endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) to be removed. , In addition, research ,− shows that atomic hydrogen has strong reducing properties, which also explains that the presence of HNBs in this study can promote the removal of Se(IV). To test this hypothesis, the ·H of HNBs generated by nZVI was detected by electron spin resonance (see section 9 for detailed steps in the Supporting Information).…”

“…64−67 In addition to the above properties, HNBs also have a strong reducing effect. 38 Therefore, HNBs are increasingly applied to environmental engineering, which can enhance the reducibility of the system and promote the removal of pollutants in the system by nZVI, especially under anaerobic conditions.…”

Micronanobubble Aeration Enhances Plant Yield and Nitrification in Aquaponic Systems

“…It can increase crop yields and enhance food security while reducing GHG emissions and maintaining superior water quality. Existing studies show that MNB technology can improve soil health, 114 bolster plant development, 115 and enhance oxidative capabilities, 116 thereby reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Additionally, MNB technology holds untapped potential for utilizing different gases, such as carbon dioxide-MNB for algal biomass production on residual nutrients of aquaponic effluent and ozone-MNB for pest and disease control.…”

Hydrogen Nanobubble Water: A Good Assistant for Improving the Water Environment and Agricultural Production

“…HNW increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. 2 In addition, HNW increased the reducing capacity in the nutrient environment, thereby decreasing the solubility of Cd. There is a molecular mechanism by which HNW reduces heavy mental toxicity.…”

“…As an effective antioxidant, HNW counteracted the endogenous ROS originating from heavy metal and increased antioxidation in both animals and plants. HNW increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase . In addition, HNW increased the reducing capacity in the nutrient environment, thereby decreasing the solubility of Cd.…”