Simultaneous detection of four nitrofuran metabolites in honey using a multiplexing biochip screening assay

O’Mahony, John; Moloney, Mary; McConnell, R.I.; Benchikh, El Ouard; Lowry, Philip A.; Furey, Ambrose; Danaher, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2011.03.036

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The honey samples were fortied with AMOZ, AOZ, SEM, and AHD at concentrations of 0.25, 1.0, 5.0, and 20 mg kg À1 and the mean recovery and CV values for the analytes in honey samples are shown in Table 1 31 These ndings indicated that the suspension array technique was suitable for the rapid and simultaneous screening of the four main nitrofuran metabolites in honey. The LODs for the four analytes in honey samples were below 0.2 mg kg À1 , which is lower than the MRPL for the metabolites of nitrofuran residues established by the European Commission.…”

Section: Assay Validationmentioning

confidence: 85%

Simultaneous detection of four nitrofuran metabolites in honey using high-throughput suspension array technology

et al. 2015

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In this study, a new suspension array technology is proposed for the simultaneous quantitative detection of four major metabolites [3-amino-5-methylmorpholino-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), 3-amino-2oxazolidinone (AOZ), semicarbazide (SEM), and 1-aminohydantoin (AHD)] of nitrofurans in honey samples. The analytes were coupled to bovine serum albumin before coupling to the microspheres. After coupling, a mixture of biotinylated antibodies specific for the four analytes, along with the analyte standard solutions or samples, was added to microtiter tubes. Then, the microtiter tubes were incubated at 37 C for 45 min before streptavidin-R-phycoerythrin was added. Analyte residues were quantitatively analyzed by detecting the mean fluorescence intensity. The detection ranges for the four analytes were 0.02-40 mg kg À1 and the detection limit of AMOZ, AOZ, SEM, and AHD in honey samples were 0.087, 0.031, 0.055, and 0.131 mg kg À1 , respectively. The recovery rates ranged from 76.6% to 106.1% for fortified samples at levels of 0.25, 1.0, 5.0, and 20 mg kg À1 with coefficient of variation values <15%. Finally, this method was compared to commercially available kits using fortified and 'blind' honey samples and the measurements obtained using these two methods correlated well. These results indicate that the suspension array method is suitable for detecting AMOZ, AOZ, SEM, and AHD, as well as other potential drug residues in animal tissues.

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Section: Assay Validationmentioning

confidence: 85%

Simultaneous detection of four nitrofuran metabolites in honey using high-throughput suspension array technology

et al. 2015

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“…Some biochip-based methods like Biacore (GE Healthcare Europe GmbH, Freiburg, Germany) and Anti Microbial Arrays (Randox Laboratories Limited, Crumlin, United Kingdom) allow the detection of multiple drug residues in honey (McAleer et al 2010 ). The Anti Microbial Arrays system also includes the detection of nitrofuran metabolites (O'Mahony et al 2010 ). The Biacore biosensor system is based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR).…”

Section: Veterinary Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Control of Honey and Bee Products

Reybroeck

2014

Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security

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As a natural product of a relatively high price, honey has been a target for adulteration for a long time. Addition of sweeteners, mis-description of botanical source of honey, high moisture content, or subsequent addition of water which can result in honey fermentation and spoilage and the use of excessive heat in honey processing for liquefaction or pasteurization are the major issues related to honey quality and authenticity. Interestingly, the majority of the production of honey takes place in developing countries, while the developed countries are the largest consumers but honey imported from these countries has a lower price than the locally produced honey, and is therefore prone to mislabelling because of economic reasons. This international trade is under tremendous pressure and the export of honey from these countries is facing surging issues related to its authenticity. Since then the honey quality issues have become imperative and critical. According to the defi nition in the FAO Codex Standard for honey (Anonymous 2001 ) and in the European honey standard (Council Directive 2001/110/EC) honey shall not contain any food ingredient other than honey itself nor shall any particular constituent be removed from it. Many methods are employed for analysis of honey. Among them, moisture content, electrical conductivity, optical rotation, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) provide a good information value about honey quality for beekeepers and various stakeholders dealing with honey.

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“…Further clean-up of the sample extracts may be performed using SPE, particularly for honey samples (Tribalat et al, 2006;Lopez et al, 2007;O'Mahony et al, 2011), or washing with hexane (Bock et al, 2007). Some alternative approaches have been proposed for the release and derivatisation of marker metabolites, such as protease digestion of samples and extraction of the derivatised marker metabolites using mixed-mode cation exchange SPE instead of ethyl acetate (Cooper et al, 2007;Stastny et al, 2009), accelerated solvent extraction with methanol/5 % trichloroacetic acid (1/1, v/v) (Tao et al, 2012), incubation at 55 °C instead of at 37 °C (Verdon et al, 2007) or incubation in a microwave oven (Palaniyappan et al, 2013).…”

Section: Extraction and Sample Clean-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on nitrofurans and their metabolites in food

Panel¹

2015

EFS2

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Nitrofurans are antimicrobial agents not authorised for use in food-producing animals in the European Union. Nitrofurans are rapidly metabolised, occurring in animal tissues as protein-bound metabolites. The European Commission requested EFSA to provide a scientific opinion on the risks to human health related to the presence of nitrofurans in food and whether a reference point for action (RPA) of 1.0 µg/kg for the marker metabolites is adequate to protect public health. Data on occurrence of nitrofuran marker metabolites in food were extracted from the national residue monitoring plan results and from the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). The CONTAM Panel concluded that these data were too limited to carry out a reliable human dietary exposure assessment. Instead, human dietary exposure was calculated for a scenario in which a single nitrofuran marker metabolite is present at 1.0 µg/kg in foods of animal origin, excluding milk and dairy products. The mean chronic dietary exposure for this worst-case scenario would range from 3.3 to 8.0 and 1.9 to 4.3 ng/kg b.w. per day for toddlers and adults, respectively. Nitrofurans and their marker metabolites, generally, are genotoxic and carcinogenic and, also, have non-neoplastic effects in animals. Margins of exposure (MOEs) were calculated at 2.0 × 10 5 or greater for carcinogenicity and at 2.5 × 10 3 or greater for non-neoplastic effects. The CONTAM Panel concluded that it is unlikely that exposure to food contaminated with nitrofuran marker metabolites at or below 1.0 µg/kg is a health concern. A scenario in which foods are considered to be contaminated with semicarbazide, from use of carrageenan as a food additive, at 1 µg/kg was used to assess whether it is appropriate to apply the RPA to foods of non-animal origin; MOEs of greater than 10 4 calculated for nonneoplastic effects do not indicate a health concern.© European Food Safety Authority, 2015 However, the opinion also identified certain categories of non-allowed pharmacologically active substances that are considered to be outside the scope of the procedure, including substances that are high potency carcinogens, such as nitrofurans. As nitrofurans are excluded from that opinion, and taking into account that the presence of SEM in food may be from sources other than use of nitrofurazone, the European Commission (EC) requested the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for a scientific opinion on the risks to human health related to the presence of nitrofurans and their metabolites in food. The opinion should include (a) an evaluation of the toxicity of nitrofurans and their metabolites for humans, considering all relevant toxicological endpoints and identification of the toxicological relevance of nitrofurans and their metabolites present in food, and (b) an exposure assessment of the EU population to nitrofurans and their metabolites from food, including the consumption patterns of specific (vulnerable) groups of the population. In addition, the opinion should assess the appropriateness of...

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Simultaneous detection of four nitrofuran metabolites in honey using a multiplexing biochip screening assay

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Simultaneous detection of four nitrofuran metabolites in honey using high-throughput suspension array technology

Simultaneous detection of four nitrofuran metabolites in honey using high-throughput suspension array technology

Quality Control of Honey and Bee Products

Scientific Opinion on nitrofurans and their metabolites in food

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