Simultaneous Delamination and Rutile Formation on the Surface of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene for Copper Adsorption

Abstract

In this work, we studied the formation of the rutile phase of titanium dioxide (TiO2) on delaminated MXene (d‐Ti3C2Tx) flakes by the reaction of Ti3C2Tx with amino acids in water. Three types of amino acids with varied side‐chain polarity were used to delaminate Ti3C2Tx. d‐Ti3C2Tx flakes formed stable colloidal solutions due to the negative surface charges of chemisorbed amino acids on the d‐Ti3C2Tx. Rutile formed on d‐Ti3C2Tx at room temperature upon the intercalation of aromatic amino acids and subsequent sonication of the solution, while flakes intercalated with aliphatic amino acids did not oxidize. X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy revealed the nanosize rutile formation on the surface of Ti3C2Tx flakes. The XPS results indicated the surface functionalization of histidine on d‐Ti3C2Tx flakes. As‐synthesized histidine functionalized rutile TiO2@d‐Ti3C2Tx hybrid was used for adsorption of Cu2+ ions from aqueous solution with a maximum uptake of 95 mg g−1.

Highly efficient scavenging of Cr(VI) by two-dimensional titanium carbide nanosheets: kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics analysis

“…For the spectra of Ti2p (Figure 3(b)), the peaks were located at 454.7 eV, 455.7 eV, 457.4 eV, 461.1 eV, 462.3 eV and 465.4 eV respectively. The peaks at 454.7 eV and 461.1 eV were associated with Ti À C, while the peaks centered at 455.7 eV, 457.4 eV, 462.3 eV and 465.4 eV can be assigned as Ti 2þ oxide, Ti ions with reduced charge state (Ti x O y ), Ti 3þ oxide and Ti À O À F (Peng et al 2016;Ding et al 2017;Elumalai et al 2020). The high-resolution O1s spectrum (Figure 3(c)) can be appropriately fitted to four peaks at 529.5 eV, 530.0 eV, 531.7 eV and 533.2 eV.…”

Recent Advanced on the MXene–Organic Hybrids: Design, Synthesis, and Their Applications

“…In a current stud reported by Michael et al, the DHT not only improved the organophilic nature of Ti3C2T produced stable colloidal suspensions of Ti3C2Tx in nonpolar solvents but also shielded the MXene flakes from oxidation in water [27]. Amino acids are also studied as the organic part towards MXene-organic hybrids Elumalai et al proposed that the electrostatic interaction between -OH and -F groups on Ti3C2Tx MXene and the zwitterion consisted of amino acid molecules might be the drivin force for the spontaneous intercalation [58]. The MXene hybrids contained negativel charged glycine (Gly), phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan (Trp), and histidine (His) can form stable suspensions in water due to the interparticle electrostatic repulsion.…”

“…Amino acids are also studied as the organic part towards MXene-organic hybrids. Elumalai et al proposed that the electrostatic interaction between -OH and -F groups on Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene and the zwitterion consisted of amino acid molecules might be the driving force for the spontaneous intercalation [58]. The MXene hybrids contained negatively charged glycine (Gly), phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan (Trp), and histidine (His) can form stable suspensions in water due to the interparticle electrostatic repulsion.…”

Titanium Carbide‐Based Adsorbents for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions and Radionuclides: From Nanomaterials to 3D Architectures

“…[ 93 ] On the histidine‐functionalized d ‐Ti 3 C 2 T x flakes, the TiO 2 @ d ‐Ti 3 C 2 T x hybrid has a maximum adsorption of 95 mg g −1 for Cu(II) in aqueous solution. [ 112 ] Gan et al prepared MXenes‐based polymer composites (Ti 3 C 2 T X ‐PDOPA) by mixing Ti 3 C 2 T X and levodopa (DOPA). DOPA is connected to MXenes through self‐polymerization, and multiple carboxyl groups are introduced into the polymerization process to form poly‐DOPA.…”